1 Clustring Processed data without auxiliary variables

1.1 Imporved Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 5 clusters

1.1.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=82) 1 (N=316) 2 (N=992) 3 (N=503) 4 (N=2) Total (N=1895) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 68.098 (7.987) 64.848 (10.014) 43.517 (13.558) 49.437 (14.835) 52.000 (14.142) 49.718 (15.717)
   Range 37.000 - 86.000 20.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 81.000 18.000 - 80.000 42.000 - 62.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender 0.599
   No 34 (41.5%) 115 (36.4%) 412 (41.5%) 202 (40.2%) 1 (50.0%) 764 (40.3%)
   Yes 48 (58.5%) 201 (63.6%) 580 (58.5%) 301 (59.8%) 1 (50.0%) 1131 (59.7%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.902 (5.581) 29.217 (5.289) 26.162 (4.400) 27.173 (4.877) 29.676 (8.939) 27.062 (4.880)
   Range 19.195 - 46.475 18.726 - 50.058 17.029 - 45.265 17.509 - 48.919 23.355 - 35.996 17.029 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 43.439 (19.457) 35.823 (18.247) 15.575 (11.898) 20.519 (16.469) 35.500 (14.849) 21.490 (17.075)
   Range 1.000 - 70.000 1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 62.000 -1.000 - 70.000 25.000 - 46.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 33 (40.2%) 144 (45.6%) 745 (75.1%) 335 (66.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1257 (66.3%)
   Yes 49 (59.8%) 172 (54.4%) 247 (24.9%) 168 (33.4%) 2 (100.0%) 638 (33.7%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 15 (18.3%) 92 (29.1%) 373 (37.6%) 138 (27.4%) 0 (0.0%) 618 (32.6%)
   Yes 67 (81.7%) 224 (70.9%) 619 (62.4%) 365 (72.6%) 2 (100.0%) 1277 (67.4%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 37 (45.1%) 218 (69.0%) 834 (84.1%) 393 (78.1%) 0 (0.0%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 45 (54.9%) 98 (31.0%) 158 (15.9%) 110 (21.9%) 2 (100.0%) 413 (21.8%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 21 (25.6%) 194 (61.4%) 862 (86.9%) 403 (80.1%) 2 (100.0%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 61 (74.4%) 122 (38.6%) 130 (13.1%) 100 (19.9%) 0 (0.0%) 413 (21.8%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 30 (36.6%) 199 (63.0%) 861 (86.8%) 384 (76.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1474 (77.8%)
   Yes 52 (63.4%) 117 (37.0%) 131 (13.2%) 119 (23.7%) 2 (100.0%) 421 (22.2%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.586 (0.136) 0.727 (0.096) 0.796 (0.072) 0.775 (0.087) 0.686 (0.200) 0.770 (0.096)
   Range 0.230 - 0.817 0.259 - 0.994 0.467 - 1.028 0.424 - 1.590 0.545 - 0.828 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 16.097 (14.600) 7.449 (7.370) 6.335 (6.685) 7.733 (7.047) 24.398 (9.209) 7.333 (7.677)
   Range -12.121 - 77.242 -20.000 - 55.102 -26.774 - 56.067 -4.776 - 46.196 17.886 - 30.909 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2888.147 (1582.379) 2845.698 (2059.152) 1663.281 (2620.355) 1812.059 (1863.564) 1211.895 (710.804) 1952.471 (2355.058)
   Range 57.024 - 5539.290 33.570 - 12925.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -3701.250 - 12925.000 709.280 - 1714.509 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 70.629 (13.088) 87.031 (14.673) 105.369 (14.169) 102.913 (19.314) 92.246 (17.845) 100.142 (18.166)
   Range 44.477 - 98.316 44.453 - 136.295 65.414 - 230.491 48.917 - 389.709 79.627 - 104.864 44.453 - 389.709
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 74.706 (13.630) 88.035 (14.700) 102.780 (12.796) 102.296 (14.129) 97.740 (9.520) 98.972 (15.443)
   Range 40.972 - 113.475 43.704 - 139.418 69.265 - 144.168 60.955 - 149.720 91.008 - 104.471 40.972 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 22.214 (22.533) 25.041 (20.858) 23.687 (19.183) 29.249 (25.852) 198.000 (7.071) 25.509 (22.386)
   Range 3.600 - 155.000 4.600 - 155.000 3.300 - 176.000 5.000 - 226.000 193.000 - 203.000 3.300 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.237 (0.166) 0.216 (0.185) 0.186 (0.130) 0.284 (0.187) 0.850 (0.071) 0.220 (0.165)
   Range 0.010 - 0.800 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.900 0.040 - 1.200 0.800 - 0.900 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 5.402 (1.870) 4.165 (1.483) 3.500 (1.140) 4.111 (1.393) 4.250 (0.071) 3.856 (1.383)
   Range 2.200 - 12.500 1.300 - 12.300 1.100 - 7.900 1.000 - 9.710 4.200 - 4.300 1.000 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2.551 (1.500) 1.838 (0.585) 1.917 (0.559) 2.112 (0.689) 1.800 (0.000) 1.983 (0.683)
   Range 0.900 - 11.200 0.300 - 5.000 0.600 - 4.800 0.700 - 9.400 1.800 - 1.800 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.601 (0.278) 0.449 (0.156) 0.390 (0.131) 0.456 (0.139) 0.500 (0.000) 0.426 (0.154)
   Range 0.200 - 2.400 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.100 0.500 - 0.500 0.200 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.075 (0.045) 0.002 (0.010) 0.003 (0.009) 0.099 (0.021) 0.000 (0.000) 0.031 (0.046)
   Range 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.080 0.000 - 0.060 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.000 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 42 (51.2%) 172 (54.4%) 251 (25.3%) 181 (36.0%) 1 (50.0%) 647 (34.1%)
   Yes 40 (48.8%) 144 (45.6%) 741 (74.7%) 322 (64.0%) 1 (50.0%) 1248 (65.9%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 65 (79.3%) 216 (68.4%) 431 (43.4%) 254 (50.5%) 0 (0.0%) 966 (51.0%)
   Yes 17 (20.7%) 100 (31.6%) 561 (56.6%) 249 (49.5%) 2 (100.0%) 929 (49.0%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea 0.141
   No 73 (89.0%) 293 (92.7%) 942 (95.0%) 477 (94.8%) 2 (100.0%) 1787 (94.3%)
   Yes 9 (11.0%) 23 (7.3%) 50 (5.0%) 26 (5.2%) 0 (0.0%) 108 (5.7%)
nasal_plyposis 0.022
   No 42 (51.2%) 168 (53.2%) 595 (60.0%) 266 (52.9%) 2 (100.0%) 1073 (56.6%)
   Yes 40 (48.8%) 148 (46.8%) 397 (40.0%) 237 (47.1%) 0 (0.0%) 822 (43.4%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 17 (20.7%) 85 (26.9%) 369 (37.2%) 131 (26.0%) 0 (0.0%) 602 (31.8%)
   Yes 65 (79.3%) 231 (73.1%) 623 (62.8%) 372 (74.0%) 2 (100.0%) 1293 (68.2%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 40 (48.8%) 188 (59.5%) 716 (72.2%) 337 (67.0%) 2 (100.0%) 1283 (67.7%)
   step 1 or 2 11 (13.4%) 63 (19.9%) 161 (16.2%) 102 (20.3%) 0 (0.0%) 337 (17.8%)
   step3 4 (4.9%) 15 (4.7%) 60 (6.0%) 17 (3.4%) 0 (0.0%) 96 (5.1%)
   step4 or 5 27 (32.9%) 50 (15.8%) 55 (5.5%) 47 (9.3%) 0 (0.0%) 179 (9.4%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 58 (70.7%) 293 (92.7%) 970 (97.8%) 481 (95.6%) 2 (100.0%) 1804 (95.2%)
   Yes 24 (29.3%) 23 (7.3%) 22 (2.2%) 22 (4.4%) 0 (0.0%) 91 (4.8%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 46 (56.1%) 234 (74.1%) 887 (89.4%) 420 (83.5%) 2 (100.0%) 1589 (83.9%)
   Yes 36 (43.9%) 82 (25.9%) 105 (10.6%) 83 (16.5%) 0 (0.0%) 306 (16.1%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 45 (54.9%) 239 (75.6%) 885 (89.2%) 417 (82.9%) 2 (100.0%) 1588 (83.8%)
   Yes 37 (45.1%) 77 (24.4%) 107 (10.8%) 86 (17.1%) 0 (0.0%) 307 (16.2%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 10 (12.2%) 89 (28.2%) 436 (44.0%) 182 (36.2%) 0 (0.0%) 717 (37.8%)
   partially controlled 43 (52.4%) 166 (52.5%) 448 (45.2%) 234 (46.5%) 1 (50.0%) 892 (47.1%)
   uncontrolled 29 (35.4%) 61 (19.3%) 108 (10.9%) 87 (17.3%) 1 (50.0%) 286 (15.1%)
education < 0.001
   primary 10 (12.2%) 127 (40.2%) 535 (53.9%) 237 (47.1%) 1 (50.0%) 910 (48.0%)
   secondary 35 (42.7%) 107 (33.9%) 398 (40.1%) 209 (41.6%) 0 (0.0%) 749 (39.5%)
   tertiary 37 (45.1%) 82 (25.9%) 59 (5.9%) 57 (11.3%) 1 (50.0%) 236 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 44 (53.7%) 163 (51.6%) 473 (47.7%) 305 (60.6%) 1 (50.0%) 986 (52.0%)
   Yes 38 (46.3%) 153 (48.4%) 519 (52.3%) 198 (39.4%) 1 (50.0%) 909 (48.0%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 15 (18.3%) 147 (46.5%) 607 (61.2%) 259 (51.5%) 1 (50.0%) 1029 (54.3%)
   former smokers 43 (52.4%) 148 (46.8%) 315 (31.8%) 192 (38.2%) 1 (50.0%) 699 (36.9%)
   current smoker 24 (29.3%) 21 (6.6%) 70 (7.1%) 52 (10.3%) 0 (0.0%) 167 (8.8%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 39.904 (24.405) 21.284 (16.953) 7.390 (8.569) 10.505 (10.296) 10.725 (7.743) 11.945 (14.129)
   Range 0.200 - 112.500 0.000 - 90.000 0.000 - 69.000 0.000 - 60.000 5.250 - 16.200 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 25 (30.5%) 85 (26.9%) 426 (42.9%) 181 (36.0%) 2 (100.0%) 719 (37.9%)
   Yes 57 (69.5%) 231 (73.1%) 566 (57.1%) 322 (64.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1176 (62.1%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 36 (43.9%) 153 (48.4%) 661 (66.6%) 298 (59.2%) 1 (50.0%) 1149 (60.6%)
   Yes 46 (56.1%) 163 (51.6%) 331 (33.4%) 205 (40.8%) 1 (50.0%) 746 (39.4%)
household_damage 0.007
   No 77 (93.9%) 291 (92.1%) 853 (86.0%) 435 (86.5%) 1 (50.0%) 1657 (87.4%)
   Yes 5 (6.1%) 25 (7.9%) 139 (14.0%) 68 (13.5%) 1 (50.0%) 238 (12.6%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 31 (37.8%) 77 (24.4%) 431 (43.4%) 169 (33.6%) 0 (0.0%) 708 (37.4%)
   Yes 51 (62.2%) 239 (75.6%) 561 (56.6%) 334 (66.4%) 2 (100.0%) 1187 (62.6%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 35 (42.7%) 69 (21.8%) 460 (46.4%) 176 (35.0%) 0 (0.0%) 740 (39.1%)
   Yes 47 (57.3%) 247 (78.2%) 532 (53.6%) 327 (65.0%) 2 (100.0%) 1155 (60.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma 0.003
   No 65 (79.3%) 202 (63.9%) 730 (73.6%) 343 (68.2%) 1 (50.0%) 1341 (70.8%)
   Yes 17 (20.7%) 114 (36.1%) 262 (26.4%) 160 (31.8%) 1 (50.0%) 554 (29.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 68 (82.9%) 242 (76.6%) 879 (88.6%) 422 (83.9%) 1 (50.0%) 1612 (85.1%)
   Yes 14 (17.1%) 74 (23.4%) 113 (11.4%) 81 (16.1%) 1 (50.0%) 283 (14.9%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 50 (61.0%) 175 (55.4%) 743 (74.9%) 321 (63.8%) 1 (50.0%) 1290 (68.1%)
   Yes 32 (39.0%) 141 (44.6%) 249 (25.1%) 182 (36.2%) 1 (50.0%) 605 (31.9%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 73 (89.0%) 275 (87.0%) 939 (94.7%) 443 (88.1%) 2 (100.0%) 1732 (91.4%)
   Yes 9 (11.0%) 41 (13.0%) 53 (5.3%) 60 (11.9%) 0 (0.0%) 163 (8.6%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 25 (30.5%) 233 (73.7%) 940 (94.8%) 455 (90.5%) 2 (100.0%) 1655 (87.3%)
   Yes 57 (69.5%) 83 (26.3%) 52 (5.2%) 48 (9.5%) 0 (0.0%) 240 (12.7%)

1.1.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                 p.value df
## XCOPD                      9.679075e-74  4
## dyspenea                   7.722436e-49  4
## education                  6.703361e-37  8
## Chronic_productive_cough   9.472423e-37  4
## Hosptalization_last_year   2.285026e-26  4
## Cough                      7.115386e-26  4
## spt_any                    1.426106e-21  4
## Recurrent_wheeze           8.394793e-20  4
## Emergency_last_year        4.539447e-19  4
## familial_allergy           2.067649e-18  4
## severe_asthma              3.253187e-18  4
## smoking_status             5.756605e-18  8
## gina_steps                 1.115466e-15 12
## infection_triggered_asthma 1.022156e-13  4
## gina_control               1.789332e-13  8
## weather_triggered_asthma   2.139274e-10  4
## smoking_exposure_at_work   4.307497e-09  4
## exertion_triggered_asthma  1.169273e-08  4
## smoking_exposure_at_home   1.233920e-06  4
## irritant_triggered_asthma  3.913141e-06  4
## Ever_rhinitis              4.690233e-06  4
## emotion_triggered_asthma   8.021889e-06  4
## Breathlessness             1.404463e-05  4
## urbanization_level         1.551185e-04  4
## allergen_triggered_asthma  3.205271e-03  4
## household_damage           6.639531e-03  4
## nasal_plyposis             2.183506e-02  4
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                      Cla/Mod  Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## XCOPD=Yes                          23.750000 69.51220 12.664908 7.012564e-35
## dyspenea=Yes                       14.769976 74.39024 21.794195 2.600898e-25
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       12.351544 63.41463 22.216359 2.763987e-16
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       26.373626 29.26829  4.802111 4.235715e-14
## education=tertiary                 15.677966 45.12195 12.453826 5.375905e-14
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               10.895884 54.87805 21.794195 2.561826e-11
## severe_asthma=Yes                  12.052117 45.12195 16.200528 2.858064e-10
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            11.764706 43.90244 16.147757 1.215057e-09
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              15.083799 32.92683  9.445910 1.409243e-09
## smoking_status=current smoker      14.371257 29.26829  8.812665 4.387193e-08
## familial_allergy=No                 6.728778 79.26829 50.976253 7.892647e-08
## Cough=Yes                           7.680251 59.75610 33.667546 8.910290e-07
## gina_control=uncontrolled          10.139860 35.36585 15.092348 3.395584e-06
## spt_any=No                          6.491499 51.21951 34.142480 1.221163e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        6.166220 56.09756 39.366755 1.864410e-03
## Breathlessness=Yes                  5.246672 81.70732 67.387863 3.417913e-03
## smoking_status=former smokers       6.151645 52.43902 36.886544 3.544892e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   5.027069 79.26829 68.232190 2.494794e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    2.823920 20.73171 31.767810 2.494794e-02
## Breathlessness=No                   2.427184 18.29268 32.612137 3.417913e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         3.133159 43.90244 60.633245 1.864410e-03
## spt_any=Yes                         3.205128 48.78049 65.857520 1.221163e-03
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  3.117693 48.78049 67.704485 3.072829e-04
## Cough=No                            2.625298 40.24390 66.332454 8.910290e-07
## gina_control=controlled             1.394700 12.19512 37.836412 1.622000e-07
## familial_allergy=Yes                1.829925 20.73171 49.023747 7.892647e-08
## Emergency_last_year=No              2.894902 56.09756 83.852243 1.215057e-09
## severe_asthma=No                    2.833753 54.87805 83.799472 2.858064e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 2.496626 45.12195 78.205805 2.561826e-11
## smoking_status=never smoker         1.457726 18.29268 54.300792 9.413612e-12
## education=primary                   1.098901 12.19512 48.021108 2.504760e-12
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         3.215078 70.73171 95.197889 4.235715e-14
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         2.035278 36.58537 77.783641 2.763987e-16
## dyspenea=No                         1.417004 25.60976 78.205805 2.600898e-25
## XCOPD=No                            1.510574 30.48780 87.335092 7.012564e-35
##                                        v.test
## XCOPD=Yes                           12.320651
## dyspenea=Yes                        10.395438
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         8.183202
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         7.553544
## education=tertiary                   7.522450
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.669783
## severe_asthma=Yes                    6.306288
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.078244
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                6.054420
## smoking_status=current smoker        5.474512
## familial_allergy=No                  5.369566
## Cough=Yes                            4.914294
## gina_control=uncontrolled            4.645315
## spt_any=No                           3.233890
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         3.111022
## Breathlessness=Yes                   2.927416
## smoking_status=former smokers        2.916054
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    2.242208
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -2.242208
## Breathlessness=No                   -2.927416
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -3.111022
## spt_any=Yes                         -3.233890
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -3.609082
## Cough=No                            -4.914294
## gina_control=controlled             -5.238143
## familial_allergy=Yes                -5.369566
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.078244
## severe_asthma=No                    -6.306288
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.669783
## smoking_status=never smoker         -6.815195
## education=primary                   -7.003035
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -7.553544
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -8.183202
## dyspenea=No                        -10.395438
## XCOPD=No                           -12.320651
## 
## $`1`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## Cough=Yes                          26.959248 54.430380 33.667546 8.060101e-17
## spt_any=No                         26.584235 54.430380 34.142480 4.520947e-16
## dyspenea=Yes                       29.539952 38.607595 21.794195 5.995876e-14
## XCOPD=Yes                          34.583333 26.265823 12.664908 2.791108e-13
## education=tertiary                 34.745763 25.949367 12.453826 3.025872e-13
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     21.385281 78.164557 60.949868 1.406994e-12
## familial_allergy=No                22.360248 68.354430 50.976253 8.611418e-12
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       27.790974 37.025316 22.216359 3.900668e-11
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      20.134794 75.632911 62.638522 8.757269e-08
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       23.305785 44.620253 31.926121 2.181433e-07
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            26.797386 25.949367 16.147757 8.551826e-07
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       21.849866 51.582278 39.366755 1.478165e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       19.642857 73.101266 62.058047 6.578895e-06
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      26.148410 23.417722 14.934037 1.053549e-05
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               23.728814 31.012658 21.794195 2.644423e-05
## severe_asthma=Yes                  25.081433 24.367089 16.200528 3.671292e-05
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              27.932961 15.822785  9.445910 6.801182e-05
## smoking_status=former smokers      21.173104 46.835443 36.886544 7.357111e-05
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       25.153374 12.974684  8.601583 3.860746e-03
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      20.577617 36.075949 29.234828 3.952144e-03
## household_damage=No                17.561859 92.088608 87.440633 4.507332e-03
## gina_control=uncontrolled          21.328671 19.303797 15.092348 2.547513e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       25.274725  7.278481  4.802111 3.209178e-02
## gina_control=partially controlled  18.609865 52.531646 47.071240 3.359436e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  17.865429 73.101266 68.232190 4.027689e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   14.119601 26.898734 31.767810 4.027689e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        16.241685 92.721519 95.197889 3.209178e-02
## education=secondary                14.285714 33.860759 39.525066 2.346923e-02
## household_damage=Yes               10.504202  7.911392 12.559367 4.507332e-03
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       15.063386 63.924051 70.765172 3.952144e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        15.877598 87.025316 91.398417 3.860746e-03
## smoking_status=never smoker        14.285714 46.518987 54.300792 2.434957e-03
## education=primary                  13.956044 40.189873 48.021108 2.243327e-03
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 14.653157 59.493671 67.704485 7.615232e-04
## gina_control=controlled            12.412831 28.164557 37.836412 8.233963e-05
## severe_asthma=No                   15.050378 75.632911 83.799472 3.671292e-05
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                14.709852 68.987342 78.205805 2.644423e-05
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       15.012407 76.582278 85.065963 1.053549e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        11.821975 26.898734 37.941953 6.578895e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        13.315927 48.417722 60.633245 1.478165e-06
## Emergency_last_year=No             14.726243 74.050633 83.852243 8.551826e-07
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        13.565891 55.379747 68.073879 2.181433e-07
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       10.875706 24.367089 37.361478 8.757269e-08
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        13.500678 62.974684 77.783641 3.900668e-11
## familial_allergy=Yes               10.764263 31.645570 49.023747 8.611418e-12
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       9.324324 21.835443 39.050132 1.406994e-12
## XCOPD=No                           14.078550 73.734177 87.335092 2.791108e-13
## dyspenea=No                        13.090418 61.392405 78.205805 5.995876e-14
## spt_any=Yes                        11.538462 45.569620 65.857520 4.520947e-16
## Cough=No                           11.455847 45.569620 66.332454 8.060101e-17
##                                       v.test
## Cough=Yes                           8.330354
## spt_any=No                          8.123724
## dyspenea=Yes                        7.508172
## XCOPD=Yes                           7.304109
## education=tertiary                  7.293240
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      7.083361
## familial_allergy=No                 6.827987
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        6.607802
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       5.350787
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        5.183172
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             4.922334
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        4.814165
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        4.506876
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       4.405881
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                4.202107
## severe_asthma=Yes                   4.127249
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               3.983136
## smoking_status=former smokers       3.964431
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.889321
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.881956
## household_damage=No                 2.840284
## gina_control=uncontrolled           2.234121
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        2.143266
## gina_control=partially controlled   2.124907
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   2.050898
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   -2.050898
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        -2.143266
## education=secondary                -2.265709
## household_damage=Yes               -2.840284
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -2.881956
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        -2.889321
## smoking_status=never smoker        -3.031309
## education=primary                  -3.055971
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -3.366414
## gina_control=controlled            -3.937486
## severe_asthma=No                   -4.127249
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -4.202107
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -4.405881
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        -4.506876
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        -4.814165
## Emergency_last_year=No             -4.922334
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -5.183172
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -5.350787
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -6.607802
## familial_allergy=Yes               -6.827987
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -7.083361
## XCOPD=No                           -7.304109
## dyspenea=No                        -7.508172
## spt_any=Yes                        -8.123724
## Cough=No                           -8.330354
## 
## $`2`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## XCOPD=No                           56.79758 94.758065 87.335092 3.060810e-25
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        58.41248 86.794355 77.783641 2.539162e-23
## dyspenea=No                        58.16464 86.895161 78.205805 4.583995e-22
## spt_any=Yes                        59.37500 74.697581 65.857520 1.625677e-17
## Cough=No                           59.26810 75.100806 66.332454 2.301099e-17
## Emergency_last_year=No             55.82127 89.415323 83.852243 4.623685e-12
## familial_allergy=Yes               60.38751 56.552419 49.023747 6.023414e-12
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      62.16216 46.370968 39.050132 6.713307e-12
## severe_asthma=No                   55.73048 89.213710 83.799472 1.817961e-11
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        57.59690 74.899194 68.073879 2.383454e-11
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                56.27530 84.072581 78.205805 8.735221e-11
## smoking_status=never smoker        58.98931 61.189516 54.300792 2.760663e-10
## gina_control=controlled            60.80893 43.951613 37.836412 8.267649e-09
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       60.87571 43.447581 37.361478 8.912216e-09
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        57.52829 66.633065 60.633245 2.128699e-08
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        53.76940 97.782258 95.197889 2.394626e-08
## education=primary                  58.79121 53.931452 48.021108 6.682292e-08
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   61.29568 37.197581 31.767810 9.658174e-08
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        54.21478 94.657258 91.398417 1.043022e-07
## Breathlessness=No                  60.35599 37.600806 32.612137 1.154983e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        59.24896 42.943548 37.941953 2.514286e-06
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       54.52854 88.608871 85.065963 5.865864e-06
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 55.80670 72.177419 67.704485 1.302170e-05
## urbanization_level=Yes             57.09571 52.318548 47.968338 7.132078e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  55.45200 59.979839 56.622691 2.016188e-03
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       54.43699 73.588710 70.765172 4.683018e-03
## gina_steps=step3                   62.50000  6.048387  5.065963 4.110178e-02
## household_damage=Yes               58.40336 14.012097 12.559367 4.556700e-02
## household_damage=No                51.47858 85.987903 87.440633 4.556700e-02
## smoking_status=current smoker      41.91617  7.056452  8.812665 4.827822e-03
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      47.29242 26.411290 29.234828 4.683018e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 48.29684 40.020161 43.377309 2.016188e-03
## urbanization_level=No              47.97160 47.681452 52.031662 7.132078e-05
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      39.92933 11.391129 14.934037 5.865864e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       48.12925 57.056452 62.058047 2.514286e-06
## smoking_status=former smokers      45.06438 31.754032 36.886544 1.235709e-06
## Breathlessness=Yes                 48.47298 62.399194 67.387863 1.154983e-06
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       32.51534  5.342742  8.601583 1.043022e-07
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  48.18252 62.802419 68.232190 9.658174e-08
## gina_control=uncontrolled          37.76224 10.887097 15.092348 8.273967e-08
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       24.17582  2.217742  4.802111 2.394626e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       44.36997 33.366935 39.366755 2.128699e-08
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      47.26201 56.552419 62.638522 8.912216e-09
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              30.72626  5.544355  9.445910 9.470185e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               38.25666 15.927419 21.794195 8.735221e-11
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       41.15702 25.100806 31.926121 2.383454e-11
## severe_asthma=Yes                  34.85342 10.786290 16.200528 1.817961e-11
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     46.06061 53.629032 60.949868 6.713307e-12
## familial_allergy=No                44.61698 43.447581 50.976253 6.023414e-12
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            34.31373 10.584677 16.147757 4.623685e-12
## Cough=Yes                          38.71473 24.899194 33.667546 2.301099e-17
## spt_any=No                         38.79444 25.302419 34.142480 1.625677e-17
## education=tertiary                 25.00000  5.947581 12.453826 8.193551e-20
## dyspenea=Yes                       31.47700 13.104839 21.794195 4.583995e-22
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       31.11639 13.205645 22.216359 2.539162e-23
## XCOPD=Yes                          21.66667  5.241935 12.664908 3.060810e-25
##                                        v.test
## XCOPD=No                            10.379905
## Chronic_productive_cough=No          9.949318
## dyspenea=No                          9.657159
## spt_any=Yes                          8.517832
## Cough=No                             8.477487
## Emergency_last_year=No               6.916675
## familial_allergy=Yes                 6.879095
## infection_triggered_asthma=No        6.863629
## severe_asthma=No                     6.719943
## weather_triggered_asthma=No          6.680366
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                  6.487362
## smoking_status=never smoker          6.311655
## gina_control=controlled              5.762909
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No         5.750230
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          5.601202
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          5.580765
## education=primary                    5.399511
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     5.333041
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No          5.319065
## Breathlessness=No                    4.863208
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          4.706968
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No         4.531167
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users   4.359740
## urbanization_level=Yes               3.971836
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.087837
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No         2.828066
## gina_steps=step3                     2.042502
## household_damage=Yes                 1.999382
## household_damage=No                 -1.999382
## smoking_status=current smoker       -2.818303
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       -2.828066
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.087837
## urbanization_level=No               -3.971836
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       -4.531167
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -4.706968
## smoking_status=former smokers       -4.849824
## Breathlessness=Yes                  -4.863208
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        -5.319065
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -5.333041
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -5.361050
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -5.580765
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -5.601202
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       -5.750230
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -6.118093
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                -6.487362
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        -6.680366
## severe_asthma=Yes                   -6.719943
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      -6.863629
## familial_allergy=No                 -6.879095
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -6.916675
## Cough=Yes                           -8.477487
## spt_any=No                          -8.517832
## education=tertiary                  -9.110590
## dyspenea=Yes                        -9.657159
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        -9.949318
## XCOPD=Yes                          -10.379905
## 
## $`3`
##                                 Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## urbanization_level=No          30.93306 60.636183 52.031662 6.314004e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes              28.77030 73.956262 68.232190 1.167860e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes   36.80982 11.928429  8.601583 2.621155e-03
## Breathlessness=Yes             28.58262 72.564612 67.387863 3.609026e-03
## XCOPD=No                       27.49245 90.457256 87.335092 1.235015e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes   30.08264 36.182903 31.926121 1.766755e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes 28.31169 65.009940 60.949868 2.908232e-02
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes  28.13816 66.401590 62.638522 4.134934e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes             28.83212 47.117296 43.377309 4.889917e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No              24.79031 52.882704 56.622691 4.889917e-02
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No   23.87006 33.598410 37.361478 4.134934e-02
## gina_steps=step3               17.70833  3.379722  5.065963 3.952442e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  23.78378 34.990060 39.050132 2.908232e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=No    24.88372 63.817097 68.073879 1.766755e-02
## XCOPD=Yes                      20.00000  9.542744 12.664908 1.235015e-02
## Breathlessness=No              22.33010 27.435388 32.612137 3.609026e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No    25.57737 88.071571 91.398417 2.621155e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=No               21.76080 26.043738 31.767810 1.167860e-03
## urbanization_level=Yes         21.78218 39.363817 47.968338 6.314004e-06
##                                   v.test
## urbanization_level=No           4.515592
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes               3.246616
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes    3.008993
## Breathlessness=Yes              2.910455
## XCOPD=No                        2.501978
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes    2.372513
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes  2.182369
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes   2.040010
## nasal_plyposis=Yes              1.969470
## nasal_plyposis=No              -1.969470
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No   -2.040010
## gina_steps=step3               -2.058685
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  -2.182369
## weather_triggered_asthma=No    -2.372513
## XCOPD=Yes                      -2.501978
## Breathlessness=No              -2.910455
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No    -3.008993
## Ever_rhinitis=No               -3.246616
## urbanization_level=Yes         -4.515592
## 
## $`4`
##                                Cla/Mod Mod/Cla   Global    p.value    v.test
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes         0.4842615     100 21.79420 0.04740870  1.982631
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes 0.4750594     100 22.21636 0.04926542  1.966287
## Chronic_productive_cough=No  0.0000000       0 77.78364 0.04926542 -1.966287
## Recurrent_wheeze=No          0.0000000       0 78.20580 0.04740870 -1.982631
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                           Eta2       P-value
## Basophiles          0.87724725  0.000000e+00
## pack_years          0.29961792 1.973022e-144
## Age                 0.29546907 5.164855e-142
## onset_age_asthma    0.25352283 2.409227e-118
## tlco                0.25090485 6.519551e-117
## kco                 0.23471763 3.626168e-108
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.23342401 1.779168e-107
## Neutrophiles        0.10623052  8.205433e-45
## Monocytes           0.09900329  1.545715e-41
## Eosinophiles        0.07854852  2.008489e-32
## FeNO                0.07458317  1.104150e-30
## Reversibility       0.07125204  3.148620e-29
## BMI                 0.05694133  4.763656e-23
## Lymphocytes         0.05202605  5.929249e-21
## pd20                0.03978109  8.441107e-16
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## pack_years           18.320112     3.990427e+01 1.194451e+01   2.425544e+01
## onset_age_asthma     11.900346     4.343902e+01 2.149024e+01   1.933788e+01
## Age                  10.826409     6.809756e+01 4.971821e+01   7.938191e+00
## Reversibility        10.568378     1.609689e+01 7.333086e+00   1.451043e+01
## Monocytes            10.504310     6.014634e-01 4.264011e-01   2.759114e-01
## Neutrophiles         10.351033     5.402439e+00 3.856132e+00   1.858335e+00
## Basophiles            8.756496     7.512195e-02 3.133509e-02   4.423452e-02
## Lymphocytes           7.702284     2.551220e+00 1.982802e+00   1.491295e+00
## pd20                  3.678210     2.888147e+03 1.952471e+03   1.572701e+03
## BMI                   3.491093     2.890206e+01 2.706171e+01   5.546664e+00
## kco                 -14.547282     7.470600e+01 9.897243e+01   1.354651e+01
## tlco                -15.040322     7.062885e+01 1.001420e+02   1.300787e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -17.684422     5.863569e-01 7.699727e-01   1.355041e-01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 5.719529e-75
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 1.178569e-32
## Age                 1.571245e+01 2.580785e-27
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 4.176576e-26
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 8.252400e-26
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 4.139943e-25
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 2.014141e-18
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 1.336554e-14
## pd20                2.354436e+03 2.348762e-04
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 4.810493e-04
## kco                 1.543910e+01 6.077039e-48
## tlco                1.816168e+01 3.996004e-51
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 5.528507e-70
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  18.747119     6.484810e+01 4.971821e+01   9.997897e+00
## onset_age_asthma     16.346204     3.582278e+01 2.149024e+01   1.821775e+01
## pack_years           12.873062     2.128442e+01 1.194451e+01   1.692665e+01
## BMI                   8.599084     2.921670e+01 2.706171e+01   5.280621e+00
## pd20                  7.386136     2.845698e+03 1.952471e+03   2.055891e+03
## Neutrophiles          4.344259     4.164652e+00 3.856132e+00   1.480569e+00
## Monocytes             2.794863     4.485443e-01 4.264011e-01   1.557153e-01
## Lymphocytes          -4.129878     1.837911e+00 1.982802e+00   5.836421e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  -8.802098     7.265256e-01 7.699727e-01   9.631022e-02
## Basophiles          -12.236260     2.246835e-03 3.133509e-02   9.564033e-03
## kco                 -13.791676     8.803547e+01 9.897243e+01   1.467684e+01
## tlco                -14.054512     8.703117e+01 1.001420e+02   1.465006e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## Age                 1.571245e+01 2.043652e-78
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 4.629344e-60
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 6.382067e-38
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 8.035506e-18
## pd20                2.354436e+03 1.511571e-13
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 1.397467e-05
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 5.192170e-03
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 3.629564e-05
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 1.342814e-18
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 1.989922e-34
## kco                 1.543910e+01 2.860349e-43
## tlco                1.816168e+01 7.227871e-45
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## tlco                 13.127430     1.053687e+02 1.001420e+02   1.416191e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  12.568677     7.964519e-01 7.699727e-01   7.192212e-02
## kco                  11.247962     1.027795e+02 9.897243e+01   1.278919e+01
## FeNO                 -3.713975     2.368705e+01 2.550929e+01   1.917285e+01
## Lymphocytes          -4.420887     1.916603e+00 1.982802e+00   5.589078e-01
## pd20                 -5.602719     1.663281e+03 1.952471e+03   2.619034e+03
## Reversibility        -5.933492     6.334717e+00 7.333086e+00   6.681515e+00
## BMI                  -8.414563     2.616165e+01 2.706171e+01   4.397895e+00
## Eosinophiles         -9.402132     1.856754e-01 2.196359e-01   1.300634e-01
## Monocytes           -10.868807     3.896472e-01 4.264011e-01   1.312370e-01
## Neutrophiles        -11.746058     3.500091e+00 3.856132e+00   1.139378e+00
## pack_years          -14.706046     7.390463e+00 1.194451e+01   8.564464e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -15.807195     1.557460e+01 2.149024e+01   1.189226e+01
## Age                 -18.002161     4.351714e+01 4.971821e+01   1.355149e+01
## Basophiles          -28.290041     2.631048e-03 3.133509e-02   8.857802e-03
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## tlco                1.816168e+01  2.293066e-39
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  3.139345e-36
## kco                 1.543910e+01  2.370039e-29
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  2.040294e-04
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  9.829654e-06
## pd20                2.354436e+03  2.110148e-08
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  2.965580e-09
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  3.943607e-17
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  5.346873e-21
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  1.623099e-27
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  7.399067e-32
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  5.895261e-49
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  2.775530e-56
## Age                 1.571245e+01  1.873631e-72
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 4.582375e-176
## 
## $`3`
##                 v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category  Overall sd
## Basophiles   38.363542       0.09920477   0.03133509     0.02143379  0.04628193
## Eosinophiles 10.194064       0.28383698   0.21963588     0.18715987  0.16475912
## kco           5.631655     102.29599218  98.97243082    14.11525851 15.43910033
## Monocytes     5.044319       0.45614314   0.42640106     0.13839263  0.15424932
## Lymphocytes   4.965447       2.11244533   1.98280211     0.68818124  0.68303954
## Neutrophiles  4.819239       4.11083499   3.85613193     1.39165051  1.38264302
## FeNO          4.370857      29.24850895  25.50928760    25.82658279 22.38045429
## tlco          3.991800     102.91318840 100.14197170    19.29468011 18.16168128
## pack_years   -2.665987      10.50502386  11.94450818    10.28582293 14.12548389
##                   p.value
## Basophiles   0.000000e+00
## Eosinophiles 2.107659e-24
## kco          1.784880e-08
## Monocytes    4.551398e-07
## Lymphocytes  6.854316e-07
## Neutrophiles 1.441068e-06
## FeNO         1.237596e-05
## tlco         6.557360e-05
## pack_years   7.676275e-03
## 
## $`4`
##                  v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category Overall sd
## FeNO          10.902510        198.00000   25.5092876       5.000000 22.3804543
## Eosinophiles   5.412173          0.85000    0.2196359       0.050000  0.1647591
## Reversibility  3.145154         24.39763    7.3330861       6.511456  7.6750733
##                    p.value
## FeNO          1.121209e-27
## Eosinophiles  6.226434e-08
## Reversibility 1.659993e-03

1.1.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.1.4 parallel box plots

1.1.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.2 Imporved Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 4 clusters

1.2.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=417) 1 (N=909) 2 (N=82) 3 (N=487) Total (N=1895) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 63.290 (10.338) 42.102 (13.015) 68.061 (8.056) 49.224 (14.843) 49.718 (15.717)
   Range 20.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 81.000 37.000 - 86.000 18.000 - 80.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender 0.917
   No 163 (39.1%) 370 (40.7%) 35 (42.7%) 196 (40.2%) 764 (40.3%)
   Yes 254 (60.9%) 539 (59.3%) 47 (57.3%) 291 (59.8%) 1131 (59.7%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.876 (5.211) 26.011 (4.343) 29.310 (5.453) 27.091 (4.862) 27.062 (4.880)
   Range 18.290 - 50.058 17.029 - 45.265 19.195 - 46.475 17.509 - 48.919 17.029 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 35.578 (16.901) 13.754 (10.154) 43.756 (19.557) 20.119 (16.358) 21.490 (17.075)
   Range 1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 58.000 1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 207 (49.6%) 690 (75.9%) 33 (40.2%) 327 (67.1%) 1257 (66.3%)
   Yes 210 (50.4%) 219 (24.1%) 49 (59.8%) 160 (32.9%) 638 (33.7%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 121 (29.0%) 344 (37.8%) 15 (18.3%) 138 (28.3%) 618 (32.6%)
   Yes 296 (71.0%) 565 (62.2%) 67 (81.7%) 349 (71.7%) 1277 (67.4%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 281 (67.4%) 780 (85.8%) 38 (46.3%) 383 (78.6%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 136 (32.6%) 129 (14.2%) 44 (53.7%) 104 (21.4%) 413 (21.8%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 260 (62.4%) 807 (88.8%) 24 (29.3%) 391 (80.3%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 157 (37.6%) 102 (11.2%) 58 (70.7%) 96 (19.7%) 413 (21.8%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 274 (65.7%) 796 (87.6%) 29 (35.4%) 375 (77.0%) 1474 (77.8%)
   Yes 143 (34.3%) 113 (12.4%) 53 (64.6%) 112 (23.0%) 421 (22.2%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.731 (0.099) 0.800 (0.070) 0.603 (0.135) 0.776 (0.088) 0.770 (0.096)
   Range 0.259 - 0.994 0.484 - 1.028 0.230 - 0.855 0.424 - 1.590 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 7.452 (7.655) 6.336 (6.526) 15.567 (14.965) 7.705 (7.013) 7.333 (7.677)
   Range -20.000 - 45.250 -26.774 - 56.067 -12.121 - 77.242 -4.776 - 46.196 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2685.356 (2079.671) 1604.492 (2652.009) 2854.609 (1539.427) 1822.541 (1880.380) 1952.471 (2355.058)
   Range 0.008 - 13923.750 -26261.250 - 38775.000 57.024 - 5539.290 -3701.250 - 12925.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 89.769 (16.151) 105.898 (13.872) 72.030 (13.785) 103.014 (19.384) 100.142 (18.166)
   Range 44.453 - 165.714 67.252 - 230.491 44.477 - 106.309 44.914 - 389.709 44.453 - 389.709
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 90.035 (15.095) 103.298 (12.708) 76.100 (13.444) 102.402 (14.105) 98.972 (15.443)
   Range 43.704 - 139.418 69.866 - 144.168 40.972 - 117.040 53.494 - 149.720 40.972 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 24.947 (22.222) 23.889 (20.035) 24.438 (24.503) 29.196 (25.716) 25.509 (22.386)
   Range 4.300 - 193.000 3.300 - 203.000 3.600 - 155.000 5.000 - 226.000 3.300 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.217 (0.178) 0.184 (0.131) 0.255 (0.171) 0.283 (0.189) 0.220 (0.165)
   Range 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.900 0.010 - 0.800 0.040 - 1.200 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.010 (1.447) 3.521 (1.160) 5.320 (1.842) 4.104 (1.388) 3.856 (1.383)
   Range 1.300 - 12.300 1.100 - 7.900 2.200 - 12.500 1.000 - 9.710 1.000 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1.889 (0.717) 1.921 (0.569) 2.459 (1.260) 2.099 (0.667) 1.983 (0.683)
   Range 0.300 - 8.000 0.600 - 4.800 0.900 - 11.200 0.700 - 9.400 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.439 (0.157) 0.388 (0.128) 0.605 (0.277) 0.456 (0.139) 0.426 (0.154)
   Range 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 2.400 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.002 (0.010) 0.003 (0.010) 0.082 (0.040) 0.100 (0.021) 0.031 (0.046)
   Range 0.000 - 0.090 0.000 - 0.060 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 198 (47.5%) 229 (25.2%) 43 (52.4%) 177 (36.3%) 647 (34.1%)
   Yes 219 (52.5%) 680 (74.8%) 39 (47.6%) 310 (63.7%) 1248 (65.9%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 271 (65.0%) 387 (42.6%) 65 (79.3%) 243 (49.9%) 966 (51.0%)
   Yes 146 (35.0%) 522 (57.4%) 17 (20.7%) 244 (50.1%) 929 (49.0%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea 0.027
   No 388 (93.0%) 865 (95.2%) 72 (87.8%) 462 (94.9%) 1787 (94.3%)
   Yes 29 (7.0%) 44 (4.8%) 10 (12.2%) 25 (5.1%) 108 (5.7%)
nasal_plyposis 0.012
   No 223 (53.5%) 550 (60.5%) 45 (54.9%) 255 (52.4%) 1073 (56.6%)
   Yes 194 (46.5%) 359 (39.5%) 37 (45.1%) 232 (47.6%) 822 (43.4%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 125 (30.0%) 337 (37.1%) 20 (24.4%) 120 (24.6%) 602 (31.8%)
   Yes 292 (70.0%) 572 (62.9%) 62 (75.6%) 367 (75.4%) 1293 (68.2%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 243 (58.3%) 672 (73.9%) 43 (52.4%) 325 (66.7%) 1283 (67.7%)
   step 1 or 2 85 (20.4%) 142 (15.6%) 10 (12.2%) 100 (20.5%) 337 (17.8%)
   step3 26 (6.2%) 49 (5.4%) 4 (4.9%) 17 (3.5%) 96 (5.1%)
   step4 or 5 63 (15.1%) 46 (5.1%) 25 (30.5%) 45 (9.2%) 179 (9.4%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 383 (91.8%) 893 (98.2%) 62 (75.6%) 466 (95.7%) 1804 (95.2%)
   Yes 34 (8.2%) 16 (1.8%) 20 (24.4%) 21 (4.3%) 91 (4.8%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 311 (74.6%) 823 (90.5%) 46 (56.1%) 409 (84.0%) 1589 (83.9%)
   Yes 106 (25.4%) 86 (9.5%) 36 (43.9%) 78 (16.0%) 306 (16.1%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 320 (76.7%) 817 (89.9%) 48 (58.5%) 403 (82.8%) 1588 (83.8%)
   Yes 97 (23.3%) 92 (10.1%) 34 (41.5%) 84 (17.2%) 307 (16.2%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 121 (29.0%) 409 (45.0%) 9 (11.0%) 178 (36.6%) 717 (37.8%)
   partially controlled 223 (53.5%) 399 (43.9%) 43 (52.4%) 227 (46.6%) 892 (47.1%)
   uncontrolled 73 (17.5%) 101 (11.1%) 30 (36.6%) 82 (16.8%) 286 (15.1%)
education < 0.001
   primary 170 (40.8%) 497 (54.7%) 12 (14.6%) 231 (47.4%) 910 (48.0%)
   secondary 154 (36.9%) 360 (39.6%) 33 (40.2%) 202 (41.5%) 749 (39.5%)
   tertiary 93 (22.3%) 52 (5.7%) 37 (45.1%) 54 (11.1%) 236 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 198 (47.5%) 444 (48.8%) 42 (51.2%) 302 (62.0%) 986 (52.0%)
   Yes 219 (52.5%) 465 (51.2%) 40 (48.8%) 185 (38.0%) 909 (48.0%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 189 (45.3%) 570 (62.7%) 16 (19.5%) 254 (52.2%) 1029 (54.3%)
   former smokers 195 (46.8%) 276 (30.4%) 43 (52.4%) 185 (38.0%) 699 (36.9%)
   current smoker 33 (7.9%) 63 (6.9%) 23 (28.0%) 48 (9.9%) 167 (8.8%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 19.671 (16.531) 6.904 (8.241) 38.952 (24.005) 10.189 (9.810) 11.945 (14.129)
   Range 0.000 - 90.000 0.000 - 69.000 0.200 - 112.500 0.000 - 48.750 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home 0.001
   No 137 (32.9%) 382 (42.0%) 22 (26.8%) 178 (36.6%) 719 (37.9%)
   Yes 280 (67.1%) 527 (58.0%) 60 (73.2%) 309 (63.4%) 1176 (62.1%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 214 (51.3%) 614 (67.5%) 35 (42.7%) 286 (58.7%) 1149 (60.6%)
   Yes 203 (48.7%) 295 (32.5%) 47 (57.3%) 201 (41.3%) 746 (39.4%)
household_damage 0.001
   No 384 (92.1%) 774 (85.1%) 77 (93.9%) 422 (86.7%) 1657 (87.4%)
   Yes 33 (7.9%) 135 (14.9%) 5 (6.1%) 65 (13.3%) 238 (12.6%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 124 (29.7%) 391 (43.0%) 27 (32.9%) 166 (34.1%) 708 (37.4%)
   Yes 293 (70.3%) 518 (57.0%) 55 (67.1%) 321 (65.9%) 1187 (62.6%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 120 (28.8%) 417 (45.9%) 32 (39.0%) 171 (35.1%) 740 (39.1%)
   Yes 297 (71.2%) 492 (54.1%) 50 (61.0%) 316 (64.9%) 1155 (60.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma 0.139
   No 286 (68.6%) 660 (72.6%) 63 (76.8%) 332 (68.2%) 1341 (70.8%)
   Yes 131 (31.4%) 249 (27.4%) 19 (23.2%) 155 (31.8%) 554 (29.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 328 (78.7%) 806 (88.7%) 68 (82.9%) 410 (84.2%) 1612 (85.1%)
   Yes 89 (21.3%) 103 (11.3%) 14 (17.1%) 77 (15.8%) 283 (14.9%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 259 (62.1%) 672 (73.9%) 47 (57.3%) 312 (64.1%) 1290 (68.1%)
   Yes 158 (37.9%) 237 (26.1%) 35 (42.7%) 175 (35.9%) 605 (31.9%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 373 (89.4%) 858 (94.4%) 72 (87.8%) 429 (88.1%) 1732 (91.4%)
   Yes 44 (10.6%) 51 (5.6%) 10 (12.2%) 58 (11.9%) 163 (8.6%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 319 (76.5%) 866 (95.3%) 28 (34.1%) 442 (90.8%) 1655 (87.3%)
   Yes 98 (23.5%) 43 (4.7%) 54 (65.9%) 45 (9.2%) 240 (12.7%)

1.2.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                 p.value df
## XCOPD                      4.346409e-67  3
## dyspenea                   3.172446e-51  3
## Chronic_productive_cough   7.337022e-37  3
## education                  5.015055e-34  6
## Cough                      1.191881e-24  3
## Recurrent_wheeze           2.460326e-23  3
## Emergency_last_year        3.266094e-22  3
## Hosptalization_last_year   4.794227e-21  3
## smoking_status             6.460044e-20  6
## familial_allergy           2.687672e-18  3
## severe_asthma              5.019887e-17  3
## spt_any                    6.004282e-17  3
## gina_steps                 1.070849e-16  9
## gina_control               3.442608e-15  6
## smoking_exposure_at_work   8.517555e-10  3
## infection_triggered_asthma 1.393957e-08  3
## weather_triggered_asthma   2.112933e-06  3
## urbanization_level         7.087766e-06  3
## Ever_rhinitis              1.003099e-05  3
## exertion_triggered_asthma  1.105584e-05  3
## Breathlessness             1.228316e-05  3
## irritant_triggered_asthma  3.395741e-05  3
## emotion_triggered_asthma   1.345500e-04  3
## household_damage           1.168384e-03  3
## smoking_exposure_at_home   1.294261e-03  3
## nasal_plyposis             1.192733e-02  3
## Drug_induced_dyspnea       2.677165e-02  3
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## dyspenea=Yes                       38.01453 37.649880 21.794195 2.173218e-17
## Cough=Yes                          32.91536 50.359712 33.667546 1.244482e-15
## XCOPD=Yes                          40.83333 23.501199 12.664908 1.553951e-12
## familial_allergy=No                28.05383 64.988010 50.976253 7.339633e-11
## education=tertiary                 39.40678 22.302158 12.453826 8.459077e-11
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       33.96675 34.292566 22.216359 9.457149e-11
## spt_any=No                         30.60278 47.482014 34.142480 1.634256e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               32.92978 32.613909 21.794195 4.807207e-09
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            34.64052 25.419664 16.147757 2.485836e-08
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     25.71429 71.223022 60.949868 8.158405e-07
## smoking_status=former smokers      27.89700 46.762590 36.886544 2.870519e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       27.21180 48.681055 39.366755 1.236932e-05
## severe_asthma=Yes                  31.59609 23.261391 16.200528 1.888693e-05
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              35.19553 15.107914  9.445910 2.115506e-05
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      31.44876 21.342926 14.934037 6.007670e-05
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      24.68408 70.263789 62.638522 2.339816e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       37.36264  8.153477  4.802111 6.582100e-04
## household_damage=No                23.17441 92.086331 87.440633 7.615644e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  25.00000 53.477218 47.071240 3.064984e-03
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       26.11570 37.889688 31.926121 3.434478e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       23.80952 67.146283 62.058047 1.489124e-02
## urbanization_level=Yes             24.09241 52.517986 47.968338 3.555752e-02
## urbanization_level=No              20.08114 47.482014 52.031662 3.555752e-02
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        19.05424 32.853717 37.941953 1.489124e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        20.07752 62.110312 68.073879 3.434478e-03
## education=primary                  18.68132 40.767386 48.021108 7.779868e-04
## household_damage=Yes               13.86555  7.913669 12.559367 7.615644e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        21.23060 91.846523 95.197889 6.582100e-04
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       17.51412 29.736211 37.361478 2.339816e-04
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       20.34739 78.657074 85.065963 6.007670e-05
## smoking_status=never smoker        18.36735 45.323741 54.300792 3.261104e-05
## gina_control=controlled            16.87587 29.016787 37.836412 2.110758e-05
## severe_asthma=No                   20.15113 76.738609 83.799472 1.888693e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        18.62489 51.318945 60.633245 1.236932e-05
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 18.93998 58.273381 67.704485 4.412495e-06
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      16.21622 28.776978 39.050132 8.158405e-07
## Emergency_last_year=No             19.57206 74.580336 83.852243 2.485836e-08
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                18.96086 67.386091 78.205805 4.807207e-09
## spt_any=Yes                        17.54808 52.517986 65.857520 1.634256e-10
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        18.58887 65.707434 77.783641 9.457149e-11
## familial_allergy=Yes               15.71582 35.011990 49.023747 7.339633e-11
## XCOPD=No                           19.27492 76.498801 87.335092 1.553951e-12
## Cough=No                           16.46778 49.640288 66.332454 1.244482e-15
## dyspenea=No                        17.54386 62.350120 78.205805 2.173218e-17
##                                       v.test
## dyspenea=Yes                        8.484139
## Cough=Yes                           7.999971
## XCOPD=Yes                           7.069587
## familial_allergy=No                 6.513548
## education=tertiary                  6.492202
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        6.475383
## spt_any=No                          6.392284
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                5.853712
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             5.574260
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      4.931540
## smoking_status=former smokers       4.679874
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        4.370975
## severe_asthma=Yes                   4.277659
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               4.252338
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       4.012509
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       3.679184
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        3.406419
## household_damage=No                 3.366399
## gina_control=partially controlled   2.961144
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.925912
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        2.435013
## urbanization_level=Yes              2.101952
## urbanization_level=No              -2.101952
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        -2.435013
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -2.925912
## education=primary                  -3.360510
## household_damage=Yes               -3.366399
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        -3.406419
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -3.679184
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -4.012509
## smoking_status=never smoker        -4.154422
## gina_control=controlled            -4.252841
## severe_asthma=No                   -4.277659
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        -4.370975
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -4.590942
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -4.931540
## Emergency_last_year=No             -5.574260
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -5.853712
## spt_any=Yes                        -6.392284
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -6.475383
## familial_allergy=Yes               -6.513548
## XCOPD=No                           -7.069587
## Cough=No                           -7.999971
## dyspenea=No                        -8.484139
## 
## $`1`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## dyspenea=No                        54.45344 88.778878 78.205805 1.032629e-27
## XCOPD=No                           52.32628 95.269527 87.335092 4.832946e-25
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        54.00271 87.568757 77.783641 1.654897e-23
## Cough=No                           54.89260 75.907591 66.332454 1.666732e-17
## spt_any=Yes                        54.48718 74.807481 65.857520 2.289895e-15
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                52.63158 85.808581 78.205805 7.809974e-15
## Emergency_last_year=No             51.79358 90.539054 83.852243 1.317236e-14
## smoking_status=never smoker        55.39359 62.706271 54.300792 1.621404e-12
## familial_allergy=Yes               56.18945 57.425743 49.023747 2.033843e-12
## severe_asthma=No                   51.44836 89.878988 83.799472 3.030811e-12
## gina_control=controlled            57.04324 44.994499 37.836412 6.869202e-10
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        49.50111 98.239824 95.197889 7.217131e-10
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        53.43777 67.546755 60.633245 3.152811e-09
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      56.35135 45.874587 39.050132 5.035010e-09
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 52.37724 73.927393 67.704485 2.481334e-08
## education=primary                  54.61538 54.675468 48.021108 2.578344e-08
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        52.09302 73.927393 68.073879 1.454855e-07
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       55.22599 43.014301 37.361478 1.054852e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   55.98007 37.073707 31.767810 1.938853e-06
## Breathlessness=No                  55.66343 37.843784 32.612137 3.150605e-06
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        49.53811 94.389439 91.398417 6.823074e-06
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       50.00000 88.668867 85.065963 2.211789e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        53.12935 42.024202 37.941953 4.433621e-04
## nasal_plyposis=No                  51.25815 60.506051 56.622691 1.060596e-03
## household_damage=Yes               56.72269 14.851485 12.559367 3.919264e-03
## urbanization_level=Yes             51.15512 51.155116 47.968338 7.723427e-03
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             42.13650 15.621562 17.783641 1.811122e-02
## gina_control=partially controlled  44.73094 43.894389 47.071240 7.851925e-03
## urbanization_level=No              45.03043 48.844884 52.031662 7.723427e-03
## smoking_status=current smoker      37.72455  6.930693  8.812665 5.442071e-03
## household_damage=No                46.71092 85.148515 87.440633 3.919264e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 43.67397 39.493949 43.377309 1.060596e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       44.81293 57.975798 62.058047 4.433621e-04
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      36.39576 11.331133 14.934037 2.211789e-05
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       31.28834  5.610561  8.601583 6.823074e-06
## Breathlessness=Yes                 44.24432 62.156216 67.387863 3.150605e-06
## gina_control=uncontrolled          35.31469 11.111111 15.092348 2.975807e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  44.23821 62.926293 68.232190 1.938853e-06
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      43.63943 56.985699 62.638522 1.054852e-06
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       39.17355 26.072607 31.926121 1.454855e-07
## smoking_status=former smokers      39.48498 30.363036 36.886544 1.512473e-08
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     42.59740 54.125413 60.949868 5.035010e-09
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       39.54424 32.453245 39.366755 3.152811e-09
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       17.58242  1.760176  4.802111 7.217131e-10
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              25.69832  5.060506  9.445910 1.737586e-10
## severe_asthma=Yes                  29.96743 10.121012 16.200528 3.030811e-12
## familial_allergy=No                40.06211 42.574257 50.976253 2.033843e-12
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            28.10458  9.460946 16.147757 1.317236e-14
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               31.23487 14.191419 21.794195 7.809974e-15
## spt_any=No                         35.39413 25.192519 34.142480 2.289895e-15
## Cough=Yes                          34.32602 24.092409 33.667546 1.666732e-17
## education=tertiary                 22.03390  5.720572 12.453826 2.215418e-18
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       26.84086 12.431243 22.216359 1.654897e-23
## XCOPD=Yes                          17.91667  4.730473 12.664908 4.832946e-25
## dyspenea=Yes                       24.69734 11.221122 21.794195 1.032629e-27
##                                        v.test
## dyspenea=No                         10.909994
## XCOPD=No                            10.336206
## Chronic_productive_cough=No          9.991835
## Cough=No                             8.514942
## spt_any=Yes                          7.924542
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                  7.770625
## Emergency_last_year=No               7.704144
## smoking_status=never smoker          7.063688
## familial_allergy=Yes                 7.032144
## severe_asthma=No                     6.976288
## gina_control=controlled              6.169072
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          6.161254
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          5.923437
## infection_triggered_asthma=No        5.846011
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users   5.574576
## education=primary                    5.567895
## weather_triggered_asthma=No          5.258183
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No         4.881120
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     4.759695
## Breathlessness=No                    4.660749
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No          4.499134
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No         4.242363
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          3.512829
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.273939
## household_damage=Yes                 2.884588
## urbanization_level=Yes               2.663927
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -2.363336
## gina_control=partially controlled   -2.658372
## urbanization_level=No               -2.663927
## smoking_status=current smoker       -2.779631
## household_damage=No                 -2.884588
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.273939
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -3.512829
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       -4.242363
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        -4.499134
## Breathlessness=Yes                  -4.660749
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -4.672483
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -4.759695
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       -4.881120
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        -5.258183
## smoking_status=former smokers       -5.660143
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      -5.846011
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -5.923437
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -6.161254
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -6.382906
## severe_asthma=Yes                   -6.976288
## familial_allergy=No                 -7.032144
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -7.704144
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                -7.770625
## spt_any=No                          -7.924542
## Cough=Yes                           -8.514942
## education=tertiary                  -8.745749
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        -9.991835
## XCOPD=Yes                          -10.336206
## dyspenea=Yes                       -10.909994
## 
## $`2`
##                                      Cla/Mod  Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## XCOPD=Yes                          22.500000 65.85366 12.664908 4.360693e-31
## dyspenea=Yes                       14.043584 70.73171 21.794195 3.359304e-22
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       12.589074 64.63415 22.216359 3.932611e-17
## education=tertiary                 15.677966 45.12195 12.453826 5.375905e-14
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               10.653753 53.65854 21.794195 1.214720e-10
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       21.978022 24.39024  4.802111 3.409612e-10
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            11.764706 43.90244 16.147757 1.215057e-09
## severe_asthma=Yes                  11.074919 41.46341 16.200528 2.516517e-08
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              13.966480 30.48780  9.445910 3.803769e-08
## familial_allergy=No                 6.728778 79.26829 50.976253 7.892647e-08
## smoking_status=current smoker      13.772455 28.04878  8.812665 2.126229e-07
## Cough=Yes                           7.680251 59.75610 33.667546 8.910290e-07
## gina_control=uncontrolled          10.489510 36.58537 15.092348 9.580916e-07
## spt_any=No                          6.646059 52.43902 34.142480 5.396105e-04
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        6.300268 57.31707 39.366755 8.491458e-04
## Breathlessness=Yes                  5.246672 81.70732 67.387863 3.417913e-03
## smoking_status=former smokers       6.151645 52.43902 36.886544 3.544892e-03
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            9.259259 12.19512  5.699208 2.146758e-02
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        5.102041 73.17073 62.058047 3.202503e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        5.785124 42.68293 31.926121 3.712727e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         3.643411 57.31707 68.073879 3.712727e-02
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         3.059805 26.82927 37.941953 3.202503e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             4.029099 87.80488 94.300792 2.146758e-02
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  3.351520 52.43902 67.704485 3.430430e-03
## Breathlessness=No                   2.427184 18.29268 32.612137 3.417913e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         3.046127 42.68293 60.633245 8.491458e-04
## spt_any=Yes                         3.125000 47.56098 65.857520 5.396105e-04
## Cough=No                            2.625298 40.24390 66.332454 8.910290e-07
## familial_allergy=Yes                1.829925 20.73171 49.023747 7.892647e-08
## gina_control=controlled             1.255230 10.97561 37.836412 3.305737e-08
## severe_asthma=No                    3.022670 58.53659 83.799472 2.516517e-08
## Emergency_last_year=No              2.894902 56.09756 83.852243 1.215057e-09
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         3.436807 75.60976 95.197889 3.409612e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 2.564103 46.34146 78.205805 1.214720e-10
## education=primary                   1.318681 14.63415 48.021108 1.002690e-10
## smoking_status=never smoker         1.554908 19.51220 54.300792 5.146896e-11
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         1.967436 35.36585 77.783641 3.932611e-17
## dyspenea=No                         1.619433 29.26829 78.205805 3.359304e-22
## XCOPD=No                            1.691843 34.14634 87.335092 4.360693e-31
##                                        v.test
## XCOPD=Yes                           11.595156
## dyspenea=Yes                         9.688960
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         8.414891
## education=tertiary                   7.522450
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 6.437482
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         6.278907
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              6.078244
## severe_asthma=Yes                    5.572124
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                5.499728
## familial_allergy=No                  5.369566
## smoking_status=current smoker        5.187949
## Cough=Yes                            4.914294
## gina_control=uncontrolled            4.900056
## spt_any=No                           3.460282
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         3.336257
## Breathlessness=Yes                   2.927416
## smoking_status=former smokers        2.916054
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             2.299658
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         2.144098
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes         2.084362
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         -2.084362
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -2.144098
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -2.299658
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -2.926279
## Breathlessness=No                   -2.927416
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -3.336257
## spt_any=Yes                         -3.460282
## Cough=No                            -4.914294
## familial_allergy=Yes                -5.369566
## gina_control=controlled             -5.524421
## severe_asthma=No                    -5.572124
## Emergency_last_year=No              -6.078244
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -6.278907
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -6.437482
## education=primary                   -6.466545
## smoking_status=never smoker         -6.566624
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -8.414891
## dyspenea=No                         -9.688960
## XCOPD=No                           -11.595156
## 
## $`3`
##                                 Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## urbanization_level=No          30.62880 62.012320 52.031662 2.907778e-07
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes              28.38360 75.359343 68.232190 7.183585e-05
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes   35.58282 11.909651  8.601583 3.437763e-03
## XCOPD=No                       26.70695 90.759754 87.335092 7.053481e-03
## Breathlessness=Yes             27.32968 71.663244 67.387863 1.893530e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes             28.22384 47.638604 43.377309 2.818137e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes   28.92562 35.934292 31.926121 2.879206e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes 27.35931 64.887064 60.949868 3.843799e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  23.10811 35.112936 39.050132 3.843799e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=No    24.18605 64.065708 68.073879 2.879206e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No              23.76514 52.361396 56.622691 2.818137e-02
## Breathlessness=No              22.33010 28.336756 32.612137 1.893530e-02
## XCOPD=Yes                      18.75000  9.240246 12.664908 7.053481e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No    24.76905 88.090349 91.398417 3.437763e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=No               19.93355 24.640657 31.767810 7.183585e-05
## urbanization_level=Yes         20.35204 37.987680 47.968338 2.907778e-07
##                                   v.test
## urbanization_level=No           5.129328
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes               3.970122
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes    2.925615
## XCOPD=No                        2.694309
## Breathlessness=Yes              2.346802
## nasal_plyposis=Yes              2.194752
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes    2.186322
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes  2.070153
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  -2.070153
## weather_triggered_asthma=No    -2.186322
## nasal_plyposis=No              -2.194752
## Breathlessness=No              -2.346802
## XCOPD=Yes                      -2.694309
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No    -2.925615
## Ever_rhinitis=No               -3.970122
## urbanization_level=Yes         -5.129328
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## Basophiles          0.883931364  0.000000e+00
## Age                 0.336104243 1.257756e-167
## onset_age_asthma    0.323673388 5.116090e-160
## pack_years          0.289079149 1.474087e-139
## tlco                0.230072200 7.254911e-107
## kco                 0.219050005 4.861901e-101
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.213642017  3.274438e-98
## Monocytes           0.098610018  2.567345e-42
## Neutrophiles        0.087745900  2.013486e-37
## Eosinophiles        0.062402280  3.041630e-26
## BMI                 0.061911004  4.971857e-26
## Reversibility       0.058545809  1.428849e-24
## pd20                0.038935649  3.417014e-16
## Lymphocytes         0.036542642  3.478659e-15
## FeNO                0.009728522  3.482192e-04
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  19.967311     6.329017e+01 4.971821e+01   1.032562e+01
## onset_age_asthma     19.077083     3.557794e+01 2.149024e+01   1.688057e+01
## pack_years           12.644964     1.967132e+01 1.194451e+01   1.651155e+01
## BMI                   8.598200     2.887648e+01 2.706171e+01   5.204854e+00
## pd20                  7.195647     2.685356e+03 1.952471e+03   2.077175e+03
## Neutrophiles          2.574929     4.010144e+00 3.856132e+00   1.445543e+00
## Lymphocytes          -3.164282     1.889305e+00 1.982802e+00   7.157792e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  -9.332004     7.311781e-01 7.699727e-01   9.878561e-02
## tlco                -13.203005     8.976888e+01 1.001420e+02   1.613160e+01
## kco                 -13.381575     9.003509e+01 9.897243e+01   1.507714e+01
## Basophiles          -14.489100     2.326139e-03 3.133509e-02   1.008877e-02
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## Age                 1.571245e+01 1.060084e-88
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 3.915086e-81
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 1.192788e-36
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 8.097623e-18
## pd20                2.354436e+03 6.216504e-13
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 1.002608e-02
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 1.554660e-03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 1.038877e-20
## tlco                1.816168e+01 8.430410e-40
## kco                 1.543910e+01 7.748796e-41
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 1.419918e-47
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## tlco                 13.243678     1.058981e+02 1.001420e+02   1.386481e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  12.883620     7.996020e-01 7.699727e-01   7.021585e-02
## kco                  11.707447     1.032981e+02 9.897243e+01   1.270091e+01
## FeNO                 -3.026144     2.388850e+01 2.550929e+01   2.002446e+01
## Lymphocytes          -3.810408     1.920517e+00 1.982802e+00   5.681935e-01
## Reversibility        -5.426583     6.336361e+00 7.333086e+00   6.522800e+00
## pd20                 -6.175883     1.604492e+03 1.952471e+03   2.650549e+03
## BMI                  -9.002738     2.601052e+01 2.706171e+01   4.340391e+00
## Eosinophiles         -9.112200     1.837074e-01 2.196359e-01   1.305561e-01
## Neutrophiles        -10.140298     3.520605e+00 3.856132e+00   1.159841e+00
## Monocytes           -10.325986     3.882838e-01 4.264011e-01   1.275250e-01
## pack_years          -14.911438     6.903825e+00 1.194451e+01   8.236915e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -18.938177     1.375358e+01 2.149024e+01   1.014877e+01
## Age                 -20.253991     4.210231e+01 4.971821e+01   1.300780e+01
## Basophiles          -25.400951     3.201320e-03 3.133509e-02   1.008131e-02
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## tlco                1.816168e+01  4.908466e-40
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  5.566243e-38
## kco                 1.543910e+01  1.167426e-31
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  2.476940e-03
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  1.387375e-04
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  5.744311e-08
## pd20                2.354436e+03  6.579485e-10
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  2.201566e-19
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  8.072779e-20
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  3.659824e-24
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  5.376377e-25
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  2.777060e-50
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  5.527817e-80
## Age                 1.571245e+01  3.275951e-91
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 2.461567e-142
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## pack_years           17.696044     3.895183e+01 1.194451e+01   2.385805e+01
## onset_age_asthma     12.072259     4.375610e+01 2.149024e+01   1.943693e+01
## Age                  10.804858     6.806098e+01 4.971821e+01   8.006625e+00
## Monocytes            10.723834     6.051220e-01 4.264011e-01   2.749379e-01
## Basophiles           10.097825     8.182927e-02 3.133509e-02   3.975928e-02
## Reversibility         9.928939     1.556664e+01 7.333086e+00   1.487331e+01
## Neutrophiles          9.799183     5.320000e+00 3.856132e+00   1.830863e+00
## Lymphocytes           6.446393     2.458537e+00 1.982802e+00   1.252700e+00
## BMI                   4.265797     2.931045e+01 2.706171e+01   5.419180e+00
## pd20                  3.546370     2.854609e+03 1.952471e+03   1.530011e+03
## kco                 -13.711773     7.609972e+01 9.897243e+01   1.336133e+01
## tlco                -14.326513     7.202953e+01 1.001420e+02   1.370092e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -16.113126     6.026715e-01 7.699727e-01   1.340342e-01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 4.498178e-70
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 1.480139e-33
## Age                 1.571245e+01 3.264602e-27
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 7.867290e-27
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 5.648090e-24
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 3.115541e-23
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 1.134995e-22
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 1.145433e-10
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 1.991902e-05
## pd20                2.354436e+03 3.905777e-04
## kco                 1.543910e+01 8.632225e-43
## tlco                1.816168e+01 1.494377e-46
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 2.063235e-58
## 
## $`3`
##                     v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Basophiles       38.075342        0.1001848   0.03133509      0.0206010
## Eosinophiles      9.792087        0.2826694   0.21963588      0.1883198
## kco               5.686290      102.4024602  98.97243082     14.0906789
## Monocytes         4.961836        0.4563039   0.42640106      0.1391847
## Neutrophiles      4.589262        4.1040452   3.85613193      1.3861706
## Lymphocytes       4.354710        2.0990144   1.98280211      0.6659848
## FeNO              4.216570       29.1963039  25.50928760     25.6891946
## tlco              4.046883      103.0135690 100.14197170     19.3637469
## onset_age_asthma -2.055826       20.1190965  21.49023747     16.3412714
## pack_years       -3.180049       10.1894805  11.94450818      9.7998401
##                   Overall sd      p.value
## Basophiles        0.04628193 0.000000e+00
## Eosinophiles      0.16475912 1.217568e-22
## kco              15.43910033 1.298289e-08
## Monocytes         0.15424932 6.982993e-07
## Neutrophiles      1.38264302 4.448167e-06
## Lymphocytes       0.68303954 1.332431e-05
## FeNO             22.38045429 2.480465e-05
## tlco             18.16168128 5.190420e-05
## onset_age_asthma 17.07060566 3.979931e-02
## pack_years       14.12548389 1.472503e-03

1.2.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.2.4 parallel box plots

1.2.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.3 Imporved Deep Empedding Clustering on the asthmatic encoded data 3 clusters

1.3.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=505) 1 (N=565) 2 (N=825) Total (N=1895) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 64.099 (9.021) 50.738 (15.183) 40.217 (11.932) 49.718 (15.717)
   Range 38.000 - 97.000 18.000 - 83.000 17.000 - 76.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender 0.814
   No 209 (41.4%) 223 (39.5%) 332 (40.2%) 764 (40.3%)
   Yes 296 (58.6%) 342 (60.5%) 493 (59.8%) 1131 (59.7%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 27.941 (4.653) 27.402 (5.034) 26.290 (4.797) 27.062 (4.880)
   Range 18.518 - 48.870 17.509 - 48.919 17.029 - 50.058 17.029 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 34.000 (18.273) 21.619 (17.349) 13.744 (10.193) 21.490 (17.075)
   Range 1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 62.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 285 (56.4%) 362 (64.1%) 610 (73.9%) 1257 (66.3%)
   Yes 220 (43.6%) 203 (35.9%) 215 (26.1%) 638 (33.7%)
Breathlessness 0.001
   No 172 (34.1%) 151 (26.7%) 295 (35.8%) 618 (32.6%)
   Yes 333 (65.9%) 414 (73.3%) 530 (64.2%) 1277 (67.4%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 356 (70.5%) 424 (75.0%) 702 (85.1%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 149 (29.5%) 141 (25.0%) 123 (14.9%) 413 (21.8%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 329 (65.1%) 429 (75.9%) 724 (87.8%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 176 (34.9%) 136 (24.1%) 101 (12.2%) 413 (21.8%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 345 (68.3%) 414 (73.3%) 715 (86.7%) 1474 (77.8%)
   Yes 160 (31.7%) 151 (26.7%) 110 (13.3%) 421 (22.2%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.719 (0.111) 0.764 (0.097) 0.805 (0.067) 0.770 (0.096)
   Range 0.230 - 1.006 0.340 - 1.590 0.548 - 1.028 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 8.350 (9.800) 8.419 (8.013) 5.967 (5.428) 7.333 (7.677)
   Range -26.774 - 77.242 -12.121 - 56.067 -12.603 - 43.799 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2856.807 (2053.426) 1831.813 (1846.918) 1481.540 (2664.830) 1952.471 (2355.058)
   Range 0.059 - 13923.750 -3701.250 - 12925.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 87.198 (15.082) 100.546 (16.215) 107.788 (16.678) 100.142 (18.166)
   Range 44.453 - 136.295 44.914 - 161.534 74.469 - 389.709 44.453 - 389.709
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 87.975 (14.288) 100.637 (15.278) 104.564 (12.500) 98.972 (15.443)
   Range 40.972 - 139.418 52.566 - 149.720 62.485 - 144.168 40.972 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 22.551 (16.618) 29.843 (27.362) 24.352 (21.236) 25.509 (22.386)
   Range 3.600 - 155.000 4.900 - 203.000 3.300 - 226.000 3.300 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.185 (0.125) 0.297 (0.210) 0.188 (0.130) 0.220 (0.165)
   Range 0.000 - 1.000 0.040 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 3.975 (1.420) 4.228 (1.489) 3.529 (1.198) 3.856 (1.383)
   Range 1.300 - 12.500 1.000 - 12.300 1.100 - 10.600 1.000 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1.824 (0.620) 2.184 (0.847) 1.942 (0.549) 1.983 (0.683)
   Range 0.300 - 7.300 0.700 - 11.200 0.600 - 5.000 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.428 (0.152) 0.470 (0.147) 0.396 (0.154) 0.426 (0.154)
   Range 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 2.400 0.200 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.007 (0.022) 0.096 (0.027) 0.002 (0.008) 0.031 (0.046)
   Range 0.000 - 0.100 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.050 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 270 (53.5%) 203 (35.9%) 174 (21.1%) 647 (34.1%)
   Yes 235 (46.5%) 362 (64.1%) 651 (78.9%) 1248 (65.9%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 346 (68.5%) 294 (52.0%) 326 (39.5%) 966 (51.0%)
   Yes 159 (31.5%) 271 (48.0%) 499 (60.5%) 929 (49.0%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea 0.018
   No 468 (92.7%) 527 (93.3%) 792 (96.0%) 1787 (94.3%)
   Yes 37 (7.3%) 38 (6.7%) 33 (4.0%) 108 (5.7%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 267 (52.9%) 297 (52.6%) 509 (61.7%) 1073 (56.6%)
   Yes 238 (47.1%) 268 (47.4%) 316 (38.3%) 822 (43.4%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 119 (23.6%) 145 (25.7%) 338 (41.0%) 602 (31.8%)
   Yes 386 (76.4%) 420 (74.3%) 487 (59.0%) 1293 (68.2%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 319 (63.2%) 369 (65.3%) 595 (72.1%) 1283 (67.7%)
   step 1 or 2 86 (17.0%) 114 (20.2%) 137 (16.6%) 337 (17.8%)
   step3 27 (5.3%) 23 (4.1%) 46 (5.6%) 96 (5.1%)
   step4 or 5 73 (14.5%) 59 (10.4%) 47 (5.7%) 179 (9.4%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 458 (90.7%) 537 (95.0%) 809 (98.1%) 1804 (95.2%)
   Yes 47 (9.3%) 28 (5.0%) 16 (1.9%) 91 (4.8%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 387 (76.6%) 466 (82.5%) 736 (89.2%) 1589 (83.9%)
   Yes 118 (23.4%) 99 (17.5%) 89 (10.8%) 306 (16.1%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 393 (77.8%) 459 (81.2%) 736 (89.2%) 1588 (83.8%)
   Yes 112 (22.2%) 106 (18.8%) 89 (10.8%) 307 (16.2%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 157 (31.1%) 188 (33.3%) 372 (45.1%) 717 (37.8%)
   partially controlled 252 (49.9%) 273 (48.3%) 367 (44.5%) 892 (47.1%)
   uncontrolled 96 (19.0%) 104 (18.4%) 86 (10.4%) 286 (15.1%)
education < 0.001
   primary 188 (37.2%) 252 (44.6%) 470 (57.0%) 910 (48.0%)
   secondary 197 (39.0%) 234 (41.4%) 318 (38.5%) 749 (39.5%)
   tertiary 120 (23.8%) 79 (14.0%) 37 (4.5%) 236 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 290 (57.4%) 330 (58.4%) 366 (44.4%) 986 (52.0%)
   Yes 215 (42.6%) 235 (41.6%) 459 (55.6%) 909 (48.0%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 194 (38.4%) 284 (50.3%) 551 (66.8%) 1029 (54.3%)
   former smokers 253 (50.1%) 219 (38.8%) 227 (27.5%) 699 (36.9%)
   current smoker 58 (11.5%) 62 (11.0%) 47 (5.7%) 167 (8.8%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 21.869 (18.995) 12.079 (12.016) 5.777 (6.393) 11.945 (14.129)
   Range 0.000 - 112.500 0.000 - 57.000 0.000 - 36.000 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 149 (29.5%) 200 (35.4%) 370 (44.8%) 719 (37.9%)
   Yes 356 (70.5%) 365 (64.6%) 455 (55.2%) 1176 (62.1%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 229 (45.3%) 331 (58.6%) 589 (71.4%) 1149 (60.6%)
   Yes 276 (54.7%) 234 (41.4%) 236 (28.6%) 746 (39.4%)
household_damage 0.003
   No 463 (91.7%) 490 (86.7%) 704 (85.3%) 1657 (87.4%)
   Yes 42 (8.3%) 75 (13.3%) 121 (14.7%) 238 (12.6%)
exertion_triggered_asthma 0.056
   No 197 (39.0%) 188 (33.3%) 323 (39.2%) 708 (37.4%)
   Yes 308 (61.0%) 377 (66.7%) 502 (60.8%) 1187 (62.6%)
infection_triggered_asthma 0.019
   No 196 (38.8%) 196 (34.7%) 348 (42.2%) 740 (39.1%)
   Yes 309 (61.2%) 369 (65.3%) 477 (57.8%) 1155 (60.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma 0.073
   No 377 (74.7%) 388 (68.7%) 576 (69.8%) 1341 (70.8%)
   Yes 128 (25.3%) 177 (31.3%) 249 (30.2%) 554 (29.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma 0.042
   No 416 (82.4%) 476 (84.2%) 720 (87.3%) 1612 (85.1%)
   Yes 89 (17.6%) 89 (15.8%) 105 (12.7%) 283 (14.9%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 330 (65.3%) 361 (63.9%) 599 (72.6%) 1290 (68.1%)
   Yes 175 (34.7%) 204 (36.1%) 226 (27.4%) 605 (31.9%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 459 (90.9%) 495 (87.6%) 778 (94.3%) 1732 (91.4%)
   Yes 46 (9.1%) 70 (12.4%) 47 (5.7%) 163 (8.6%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 380 (75.2%) 489 (86.5%) 786 (95.3%) 1655 (87.3%)
   Yes 125 (24.8%) 76 (13.5%) 39 (4.7%) 240 (12.7%)

1.3.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                 p.value df
## spt_any                    1.109287e-32  2
## education                  1.154556e-25  4
## XCOPD                      1.742767e-25  2
## familial_allergy           1.073373e-23  2
## smoking_status             1.129034e-22  4
## dyspenea                   1.170291e-21  2
## smoking_exposure_at_work   2.279392e-20  2
## Chronic_productive_cough   4.885926e-16  2
## Ever_rhinitis              3.078090e-13  2
## Cough                      1.852081e-10  2
## Recurrent_wheeze           2.969858e-10  2
## gina_control               6.300168e-09  4
## Emergency_last_year        6.424078e-09  2
## Hosptalization_last_year   8.208974e-09  2
## urbanization_level         3.185819e-08  2
## severe_asthma              4.520928e-08  2
## smoking_exposure_at_home   5.229905e-08  2
## gina_steps                 4.491918e-06  6
## emotion_triggered_asthma   6.346964e-05  2
## nasal_plyposis             4.696292e-04  2
## weather_triggered_asthma   8.813531e-04  2
## Breathlessness             1.427406e-03  2
## household_damage           2.637609e-03  2
## Drug_induced_dyspnea       1.805404e-02  2
## infection_triggered_asthma 1.902635e-02  2
## irritant_triggered_asthma  4.208475e-02  2
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## spt_any=No                         41.73107 53.465347 34.142480 8.260297e-26
## familial_allergy=No                35.81781 68.514851 50.976253 1.658410e-20
## XCOPD=Yes                          52.08333 24.752475 12.664908 2.044360e-19
## education=tertiary                 50.84746 23.762376 12.453826 1.858749e-17
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       36.99732 54.653465 39.366755 4.080278e-16
## dyspenea=Yes                       42.61501 34.851485 21.794195 1.047688e-15
## smoking_status=former smokers      36.19456 50.099010 36.886544 1.224222e-12
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       38.00475 31.683168 22.216359 5.884456e-09
## Cough=Yes                          34.48276 43.564356 33.667546 5.797986e-08
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       51.64835  9.306931  4.802111 2.230682e-07
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            38.56209 23.366337 16.147757 6.100874e-07
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               36.07748 29.504950 21.794195 1.674463e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  29.85305 76.435644 68.232190 2.656651e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       30.27211 70.495050 62.058047 4.095483e-06
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              40.78212 14.455446  9.445910 1.586663e-05
## severe_asthma=Yes                  36.48208 22.178218 16.200528 3.409686e-05
## household_damage=No                27.94206 91.683168 87.440633 5.328088e-04
## urbanization_level=No              29.41176 57.425743 52.031662 4.606036e-03
## gina_control=uncontrolled          33.56643 19.009901 15.092348 4.872444e-03
## smoking_status=current smoker      34.73054 11.485149  8.812665 1.579643e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       28.11335 74.653465 70.765172 2.408408e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 28.95377 47.128713 43.377309 4.761052e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  24.88350 52.871287 56.622691 4.761052e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      23.10469 25.346535 29.234828 2.408408e-02
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 24.86360 63.168317 67.704485 1.151398e-02
## urbanization_level=Yes             23.65237 42.574257 47.968338 4.606036e-03
## household_damage=Yes               17.64706  8.316832 12.559367 5.328088e-04
## gina_control=controlled            21.89679 31.089109 37.836412 2.372827e-04
## severe_asthma=No                   24.74811 77.821782 83.799472 3.409686e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        20.72323 29.504950 37.941953 4.095483e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   19.76744 23.564356 31.767810 2.656651e-06
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                24.02159 70.495050 78.205805 1.674463e-06
## Emergency_last_year=No             24.35494 76.633663 83.852243 6.100874e-07
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        25.38803 90.693069 95.197889 2.230682e-07
## Cough=No                           22.67303 56.435644 66.332454 5.797986e-08
## education=primary                  20.65934 37.227723 48.021108 1.286630e-08
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        23.40570 68.316832 77.783641 5.884456e-09
## dyspenea=No                        22.19973 65.148515 78.205805 1.047688e-15
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        19.93037 45.346535 60.633245 4.080278e-16
## smoking_status=never smoker        18.85326 38.415842 54.300792 6.180316e-17
## XCOPD=No                           22.96073 75.247525 87.335092 2.044360e-19
## familial_allergy=Yes               17.11518 31.485149 49.023747 1.658410e-20
## spt_any=Yes                        18.83013 46.534653 65.857520 8.260297e-26
##                                        v.test
## spt_any=No                          10.504220
## familial_allergy=No                  9.282312
## XCOPD=Yes                            9.010866
## education=tertiary                   8.502297
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         8.136155
## dyspenea=Yes                         8.021139
## smoking_status=former smokers        7.102610
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes         5.820009
## Cough=Yes                            5.424922
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         5.179009
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              4.987996
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 4.789201
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    4.695723
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         4.606477
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                4.316300
## severe_asthma=Yes                    4.144222
## household_damage=No                  3.463696
## urbanization_level=No                2.833368
## gina_control=uncontrolled            2.815348
## smoking_status=current smoker        2.413585
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No         2.255785
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   1.980828
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -1.980828
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       -2.255785
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -2.526700
## urbanization_level=Yes              -2.833368
## household_damage=Yes                -3.463696
## gina_control=controlled             -3.675609
## severe_asthma=No                    -4.144222
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -4.606477
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -4.695723
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -4.789201
## Emergency_last_year=No              -4.987996
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -5.179009
## Cough=No                            -5.424922
## education=primary                   -5.687831
## Chronic_productive_cough=No         -5.820009
## dyspenea=No                         -8.021139
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -8.136155
## smoking_status=never smoker         -8.361734
## XCOPD=No                            -9.010866
## familial_allergy=Yes                -9.282312
## spt_any=Yes                        -10.504220
## 
## $`1`
##                                 Cla/Mod  Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes              32.48260 74.33628 68.232190 0.0001735557
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes   42.94479 12.38938  8.601583 0.0002035320
## urbanization_level=No          33.46856 58.40708 52.031662 0.0002912019
## Breathlessness=Yes             32.41973 73.27434 67.387863 0.0003281008
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes   35.86698 26.72566 22.216359 0.0023718786
## gina_control=uncontrolled      36.36364 18.40708 15.092348 0.0096687136
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes 31.94805 65.30973 60.949868 0.0110301161
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes   33.71901 36.10619 31.926121 0.0114795186
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes  31.76074 66.72566 62.638522 0.0162441240
## nasal_plyposis=Yes             32.60341 47.43363 43.377309 0.0205491263
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes           34.14044 24.95575 21.794195 0.0312854502
## smoking_status=current smoker  37.12575 10.97345  8.812665 0.0336714365
## Recurrent_wheeze=No            28.60999 75.04425 78.205805 0.0312854502
## smoking_status=never smoker    27.59961 50.26549 54.300792 0.0218040396
## nasal_plyposis=No              27.67940 52.56637 56.622691 0.0205491263
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No   26.55367 33.27434 37.361478 0.0162441240
## weather_triggered_asthma=No    27.98450 63.89381 68.073879 0.0114795186
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  26.48649 34.69027 39.050132 0.0110301161
## gina_control=controlled        26.22036 33.27434 37.836412 0.0074206976
## Chronic_productive_cough=No    28.08684 73.27434 77.783641 0.0023718786
## Breathlessness=No              24.43366 26.72566 32.612137 0.0003281008
## urbanization_level=Yes         25.85259 41.59292 47.968338 0.0002912019
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No    28.57968 87.61062 91.398417 0.0002035320
## Ever_rhinitis=No               24.08638 25.66372 31.767810 0.0001735557
##                                   v.test
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes               3.754691
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes    3.714592
## urbanization_level=No           3.623003
## Breathlessness=Yes              3.592039
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes    3.039225
## gina_control=uncontrolled       2.587457
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes  2.541743
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes    2.527753
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes   2.403384
## nasal_plyposis=Yes              2.316167
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes            2.153423
## smoking_status=current smoker   2.123985
## Recurrent_wheeze=No            -2.153423
## smoking_status=never smoker    -2.293764
## nasal_plyposis=No              -2.316167
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No   -2.403384
## weather_triggered_asthma=No    -2.527753
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  -2.541743
## gina_control=controlled        -2.677350
## Chronic_productive_cough=No    -3.039225
## Breathlessness=No              -3.592039
## urbanization_level=Yes         -3.623003
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No    -3.714592
## Ever_rhinitis=No               -3.754691
## 
## $`2`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## spt_any=Yes                        52.16346 78.909091 65.857520 1.417676e-26
## smoking_status=never smoker        53.54713 66.787879 54.300792 5.922709e-22
## XCOPD=No                           47.49245 95.272727 87.335092 1.144005e-21
## dyspenea=No                        48.85290 87.757576 78.205805 1.544963e-19
## familial_allergy=Yes               53.71367 60.484848 49.023747 1.594075e-18
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        51.26197 71.393939 60.633245 2.356497e-17
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        48.50746 86.666667 77.783641 8.596556e-17
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   56.14618 40.969697 31.767810 4.971629e-14
## education=primary                  51.64835 56.969697 48.021108 7.365745e-12
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                47.36842 85.090909 78.205805 1.077270e-10
## Cough=No                           48.52824 73.939394 66.332454 6.114451e-10
## urbanization_level=Yes             50.49505 55.636364 47.968338 4.431318e-09
## gina_control=controlled            51.88285 45.090909 37.836412 1.157891e-08
## severe_asthma=No                   46.34761 89.212121 83.799472 1.210151e-08
## Emergency_last_year=No             46.31844 89.212121 83.852243 1.611384e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        51.46036 44.848485 37.941953 5.663677e-08
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        44.84479 98.060606 95.197889 9.572743e-08
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        44.91917 94.303030 91.398417 5.871353e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  47.43709 61.696970 56.622691 8.999578e-05
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        46.43411 72.606061 68.073879 1.952925e-04
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 46.37568 72.121212 67.704485 2.964720e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            44.32009 96.000000 94.300792 4.679742e-03
## Breathlessness=No                  47.73463 35.757576 32.612137 1.051218e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      47.02703 42.181818 39.050132 1.431025e-02
## household_damage=Yes               50.84034 14.666667 12.559367 1.564568e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       44.66501 87.272727 85.065963 1.763772e-02
## gina_control=partially controlled  41.14350 44.484848 47.071240 4.779942e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      37.10247 12.727273 14.934037 1.763772e-02
## household_damage=No                42.48642 85.333333 87.440633 1.564568e-02
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     41.29870 57.818182 60.949868 1.431025e-02
## Breathlessness=Yes                 41.50352 64.242424 67.387863 1.051218e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           30.55556  4.000000  5.699208 4.679742e-03
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       37.35537 27.393939 31.926121 1.952925e-04
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 38.44282 38.303030 43.377309 8.999578e-05
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       28.83436  5.696970  8.601583 5.871353e-05
## smoking_status=current smoker      28.14371  5.696970  8.812665 1.963597e-05
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              26.25698  5.696970  9.445910 5.760520e-07
## gina_control=uncontrolled          30.06993 10.424242 15.092348 4.432761e-07
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       17.58242  1.939394  4.802111 9.572743e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       38.69048 55.151515 62.058047 5.663677e-08
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            29.08497 10.787879 16.147757 1.611384e-08
## severe_asthma=Yes                  28.99023 10.787879 16.200528 1.210151e-08
## urbanization_level=No              37.11968 44.363636 52.031662 4.431318e-09
## Cough=Yes                          33.69906 26.060606 33.667546 6.114451e-10
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               29.78208 14.909091 21.794195 1.077270e-10
## smoking_status=former smokers      32.47496 27.515152 36.886544 7.969410e-14
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  37.66435 59.030303 68.232190 4.971629e-14
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       26.12827 13.333333 22.216359 8.596556e-17
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       31.63539 28.606061 39.366755 2.356497e-17
## familial_allergy=No                33.74741 39.515152 50.976253 1.594075e-18
## dyspenea=Yes                       24.45521 12.242424 21.794195 1.544963e-19
## XCOPD=Yes                          16.25000  4.727273 12.664908 1.144005e-21
## education=tertiary                 15.67797  4.484848 12.453826 3.321253e-22
## spt_any=No                         26.89335 21.090909 34.142480 1.417676e-26
##                                        v.test
## spt_any=Yes                         10.669249
## smoking_status=never smoker          9.630868
## XCOPD=No                             9.562992
## dyspenea=No                          9.041528
## familial_allergy=Yes                 8.782833
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          8.474718
## Chronic_productive_cough=No          8.322722
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     7.532662
## education=primary                    6.850373
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                  6.455690
## Cough=No                             6.187452
## urbanization_level=Yes               5.867231
## gina_control=controlled              5.705813
## severe_asthma=No                     5.698290
## Emergency_last_year=No               5.649262
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          5.429107
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          5.334653
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No          4.017922
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.916092
## weather_triggered_asthma=No          3.725029
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users   3.618363
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No              2.828290
## Breathlessness=No                    2.558510
## infection_triggered_asthma=No        2.449380
## household_damage=Yes                 2.417078
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No         2.373137
## gina_control=partially controlled   -1.979147
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       -2.373137
## household_damage=No                 -2.417078
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      -2.449380
## Breathlessness=Yes                  -2.558510
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            -2.828290
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        -3.725029
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.916092
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        -4.017922
## smoking_status=current smoker       -4.268990
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -4.999078
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -5.049367
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -5.334653
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -5.429107
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -5.649262
## severe_asthma=Yes                   -5.698290
## urbanization_level=No               -5.867231
## Cough=Yes                           -6.187452
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                -6.455690
## smoking_status=former smokers       -7.470824
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -7.532662
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        -8.322722
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -8.474718
## familial_allergy=No                 -8.782833
## dyspenea=Yes                        -9.041528
## XCOPD=Yes                           -9.562992
## education=tertiary                  -9.690124
## spt_any=No                         -10.669249
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                           Eta2       P-value
## Basophiles          0.82738931  0.000000e+00
## Age                 0.38368088 1.432644e-199
## onset_age_asthma    0.23277108 1.377264e-109
## pack_years          0.21458766 5.786900e-100
## tlco                0.21266399  5.854208e-99
## kco                 0.19576744  3.097710e-90
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.13341830  1.471641e-59
## Eosinophiles        0.09261362  1.178898e-40
## pd20                0.05751640  4.602721e-25
## Neutrophiles        0.04789098  6.880168e-21
## Lymphocytes         0.04170545  3.148268e-18
## Monocytes           0.04009889  1.535550e-17
## Reversibility       0.02444252  6.810951e-11
## BMI                 0.02099153  1.923003e-09
## FeNO                0.01700018  9.027199e-08
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  24.008642     6.409901e+01 4.971821e+01   9.012318e+00
## onset_age_asthma     19.223321     3.400000e+01 2.149024e+01   1.825539e+01
## pack_years           18.431076     2.186940e+01 1.194451e+01   1.897651e+01
## pd20                 10.075608     2.856807e+03 1.952471e+03   2.051392e+03
## BMI                   4.728294     2.794116e+01 2.706171e+01   4.648757e+00
## Reversibility         3.476116     8.350151e+00 7.333086e+00   9.790633e+00
## Neutrophiles          2.247490     3.974594e+00 3.856132e+00   1.418854e+00
## FeNO                 -3.467842     2.255059e+01 2.550929e+01   1.660151e+01
## Eosinophiles         -5.449856     1.854059e-01 2.196359e-01   1.247218e-01
## Lymphocytes          -6.091876     1.824178e+00 1.982802e+00   6.197574e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -13.792015     7.194465e-01 7.699727e-01   1.104921e-01
## Basophiles          -13.876892     6.851485e-03 3.133509e-02   2.222717e-02
## kco                 -18.684455     8.797543e+01 9.897243e+01   1.427402e+01
## tlco                -18.694922     8.719848e+01 1.001420e+02   1.506704e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## Age                 1.571245e+01 2.259002e-127
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  2.361611e-82
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  7.399714e-76
## pd20                2.354436e+03  7.082146e-24
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  2.264146e-06
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  5.087330e-04
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  2.460873e-02
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  5.246547e-04
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  5.041071e-08
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  1.115953e-09
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  2.846940e-43
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  8.745403e-44
## kco                 1.543910e+01  6.625159e-78
## tlco                1.816168e+01  5.444986e-78
## 
## $`1`
##                  v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Basophiles    39.545184       0.09585841   0.03133509     0.02663116
## Eosinophiles  13.241509       0.29654867   0.21963588     0.20962744
## Lymphocytes    8.344350       2.18373451   1.98280211     0.84667284
## Monocytes      7.932916       0.46953982   0.42640106     0.14655864
## Neutrophiles   7.627904       4.22794690   3.85613193     1.48776367
## FeNO           5.492632      29.84300885  25.50928760    27.33807112
## Reversibility  4.013106       8.41894853   7.33308613     8.00589501
## kco            3.059067     100.63746273  98.97243082    15.26417525
## BMI            1.978530      27.40202830  27.06170516     5.02948191
##                Overall sd      p.value
## Basophiles     0.04628193 0.000000e+00
## Eosinophiles   0.16475912 5.052313e-40
## Lymphocytes    0.68303954 7.160654e-17
## Monocytes      0.15424932 2.140588e-15
## Neutrophiles   1.38264302 2.386016e-14
## FeNO          22.38045429 3.959884e-08
## Reversibility  7.67507328 5.992493e-05
## kco           15.43910033 2.220276e-03
## BMI            4.87907144 4.786892e-02
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## tlco                 16.088042     1.077880e+02 1.001420e+02   1.666771e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  14.005906     8.051938e-01 7.699727e-01   6.694671e-02
## kco                  13.839112     1.045636e+02 9.897243e+01   1.249192e+01
## FeNO                 -1.975324     2.435242e+01 2.550929e+01   2.122301e+01
## Lymphocytes          -2.266493     1.942291e+00 1.982802e+00   5.485343e-01
## BMI                  -6.041836     2.629030e+01 2.706171e+01   4.793755e+00
## Reversibility        -6.802406     5.966868e+00 7.333086e+00   5.424856e+00
## Eosinophiles         -7.357306     1.879152e-01 2.196359e-01   1.302353e-01
## Monocytes            -7.498624     3.961333e-01 4.264011e-01   1.538845e-01
## pd20                 -7.643556     1.481540e+03 1.952471e+03   2.663214e+03
## Neutrophiles         -9.041949     3.528982e+00 3.856132e+00   1.196939e+00
## pack_years          -16.685548     5.776872e+00 1.194451e+01   6.389474e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -17.340170     1.374424e+01 2.149024e+01   1.018692e+01
## Age                 -23.107946     4.021697e+01 4.971821e+01   1.192462e+01
## Basophiles          -24.111411     2.133333e-03 3.133509e-02   7.819582e-03
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## tlco                1.816168e+01  3.094708e-58
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  1.434380e-44
## kco                 1.543910e+01  1.480247e-43
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  4.823144e-02
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  2.342123e-02
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  1.523703e-09
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  1.028864e-11
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  1.876588e-13
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  6.449141e-14
## pd20                2.354436e+03  2.113035e-14
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  1.539022e-19
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  1.669666e-62
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  2.340426e-67
## Age                 1.571245e+01 3.852158e-118
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 1.897674e-128

1.3.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.3.4 parallel box plots

1.3.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.4 Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 5 clusters

1.4.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=242) 1 (N=367) 2 (N=347) 3 (N=512) 4 (N=427) Total (N=1895) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 48.149 (14.434) 43.439 (11.414) 65.107 (9.273) 35.619 (9.922) 60.405 (9.941) 49.718 (15.717)
   Range 18.000 - 82.000 19.000 - 73.000 28.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 65.000 31.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 137 (56.6%) 110 (30.0%) 122 (35.2%) 208 (40.6%) 187 (43.8%) 764 (40.3%)
   Yes 105 (43.4%) 257 (70.0%) 225 (64.8%) 304 (59.4%) 240 (56.2%) 1131 (59.7%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 25.506 (3.570) 31.224 (5.336) 28.690 (5.009) 24.431 (3.321) 26.197 (3.619) 27.062 (4.880)
   Range 18.084 - 38.955 19.919 - 50.058 17.603 - 47.199 17.029 - 33.951 17.509 - 42.187 17.029 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 19.955 (16.718) 15.779 (11.759) 33.671 (19.649) 12.041 (8.340) 28.700 (17.680) 21.490 (17.075)
   Range 1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 50.000 1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 42.000 1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 190 (78.5%) 245 (66.8%) 150 (43.2%) 398 (77.7%) 274 (64.2%) 1257 (66.3%)
   Yes 52 (21.5%) 122 (33.2%) 197 (56.8%) 114 (22.3%) 153 (35.8%) 638 (33.7%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 28 (11.6%) 82 (22.3%) 85 (24.5%) 237 (46.3%) 186 (43.6%) 618 (32.6%)
   Yes 214 (88.4%) 285 (77.7%) 262 (75.5%) 275 (53.7%) 241 (56.4%) 1277 (67.4%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 177 (73.1%) 254 (69.2%) 195 (56.2%) 485 (94.7%) 371 (86.9%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 65 (26.9%) 113 (30.8%) 152 (43.8%) 27 (5.3%) 56 (13.1%) 413 (21.8%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 211 (87.2%) 265 (72.2%) 157 (45.2%) 478 (93.4%) 371 (86.9%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 31 (12.8%) 102 (27.8%) 190 (54.8%) 34 (6.6%) 56 (13.1%) 413 (21.8%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 196 (81.0%) 291 (79.3%) 189 (54.5%) 466 (91.0%) 332 (77.8%) 1474 (77.8%)
   Yes 46 (19.0%) 76 (20.7%) 158 (45.5%) 46 (9.0%) 95 (22.2%) 421 (22.2%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.746 (0.103) 0.805 (0.075) 0.689 (0.116) 0.822 (0.055) 0.757 (0.074) 0.770 (0.096)
   Range 0.259 - 1.005 0.541 - 1.590 0.230 - 0.994 0.640 - 0.991 0.474 - 1.006 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 13.993 (11.782) 6.199 (5.592) 9.546 (8.867) 4.884 (4.062) 5.671 (5.719) 7.333 (7.677)
   Range -12.121 - 77.242 -26.774 - 30.890 -6.858 - 55.102 -12.603 - 26.316 -20.000 - 29.487 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1385.852 (1650.423) 978.765 (1214.191) 2639.095 (1758.006) 1746.502 (3124.610) 2799.472 (2340.208) 1952.471 (2355.058)
   Range -2562.590 - 9693.750 -6521.250 - 9693.750 0.059 - 9693.750 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -3701.250 - 19387.500 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 106.472 (23.918) 109.248 (14.204) 81.403 (15.151) 107.671 (11.598) 94.929 (12.120) 100.142 (18.166)
   Range 67.966 - 389.709 75.595 - 230.491 44.453 - 129.331 77.415 - 148.214 63.818 - 136.295 44.453 - 389.709
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 101.483 (12.609) 109.823 (12.871) 83.726 (15.200) 104.169 (11.237) 94.382 (11.873) 98.972 (15.443)
   Range 69.265 - 132.372 76.242 - 149.720 40.972 - 139.418 74.349 - 142.603 60.955 - 128.938 40.972 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 65.396 (35.529) 18.856 (10.255) 18.481 (11.844) 18.400 (9.202) 22.857 (12.578) 25.509 (22.386)
   Range 12.000 - 226.000 5.000 - 62.000 3.600 - 100.700 3.300 - 54.000 4.300 - 68.000 3.300 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.416 (0.259) 0.221 (0.133) 0.218 (0.136) 0.157 (0.096) 0.184 (0.116) 0.220 (0.165)
   Range 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.800 0.000 - 0.810 0.000 - 0.600 0.000 - 0.600 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 3.483 (1.154) 4.590 (1.406) 4.664 (1.648) 3.286 (1.028) 3.465 (0.979) 3.856 (1.383)
   Range 1.000 - 8.200 1.700 - 10.600 1.800 - 12.500 1.100 - 6.700 1.300 - 7.110 1.000 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 1.952 (0.636) 2.180 (0.600) 2.134 (0.897) 1.902 (0.522) 1.804 (0.682) 1.983 (0.683)
   Range 0.700 - 5.000 1.100 - 4.500 0.300 - 9.400 0.700 - 4.100 0.400 - 11.200 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.421 (0.131) 0.489 (0.149) 0.506 (0.201) 0.363 (0.114) 0.387 (0.118) 0.426 (0.154)
   Range 0.200 - 0.900 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 2.400 0.200 - 0.800 0.200 - 0.900 0.200 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.048 (0.051) 0.046 (0.050) 0.045 (0.051) 0.013 (0.032) 0.020 (0.039) 0.031 (0.046)
   Range 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.100 0.000 - 0.100 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 50 (20.7%) 65 (17.7%) 159 (45.8%) 141 (27.5%) 232 (54.3%) 647 (34.1%)
   Yes 192 (79.3%) 302 (82.3%) 188 (54.2%) 371 (72.5%) 195 (45.7%) 1248 (65.9%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 122 (50.4%) 145 (39.5%) 241 (69.5%) 194 (37.9%) 264 (61.8%) 966 (51.0%)
   Yes 120 (49.6%) 222 (60.5%) 106 (30.5%) 318 (62.1%) 163 (38.2%) 929 (49.0%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea 0.003
   No 235 (97.1%) 342 (93.2%) 317 (91.4%) 495 (96.7%) 398 (93.2%) 1787 (94.3%)
   Yes 7 (2.9%) 25 (6.8%) 30 (8.6%) 17 (3.3%) 29 (6.8%) 108 (5.7%)
nasal_plyposis < 0.001
   No 115 (47.5%) 229 (62.4%) 180 (51.9%) 327 (63.9%) 222 (52.0%) 1073 (56.6%)
   Yes 127 (52.5%) 138 (37.6%) 167 (48.1%) 185 (36.1%) 205 (48.0%) 822 (43.4%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 93 (38.4%) 138 (37.6%) 82 (23.6%) 174 (34.0%) 115 (26.9%) 602 (31.8%)
   Yes 149 (61.6%) 229 (62.4%) 265 (76.4%) 338 (66.0%) 312 (73.1%) 1293 (68.2%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 155 (64.0%) 217 (59.1%) 210 (60.5%) 410 (80.1%) 291 (68.1%) 1283 (67.7%)
   step 1 or 2 53 (21.9%) 86 (23.4%) 45 (13.0%) 74 (14.5%) 79 (18.5%) 337 (17.8%)
   step3 15 (6.2%) 34 (9.3%) 14 (4.0%) 16 (3.1%) 17 (4.0%) 96 (5.1%)
   step4 or 5 19 (7.9%) 30 (8.2%) 78 (22.5%) 12 (2.3%) 40 (9.4%) 179 (9.4%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 236 (97.5%) 360 (98.1%) 299 (86.2%) 501 (97.9%) 408 (95.6%) 1804 (95.2%)
   Yes 6 (2.5%) 7 (1.9%) 48 (13.8%) 11 (2.1%) 19 (4.4%) 91 (4.8%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 211 (87.2%) 307 (83.7%) 231 (66.6%) 476 (93.0%) 364 (85.2%) 1589 (83.9%)
   Yes 31 (12.8%) 60 (16.3%) 116 (33.4%) 36 (7.0%) 63 (14.8%) 306 (16.1%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 208 (86.0%) 313 (85.3%) 232 (66.9%) 488 (95.3%) 347 (81.3%) 1588 (83.8%)
   Yes 34 (14.0%) 54 (14.7%) 115 (33.1%) 24 (4.7%) 80 (18.7%) 307 (16.2%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 71 (29.3%) 125 (34.1%) 81 (23.3%) 270 (52.7%) 170 (39.8%) 717 (37.8%)
   partially controlled 124 (51.2%) 176 (48.0%) 180 (51.9%) 207 (40.4%) 205 (48.0%) 892 (47.1%)
   uncontrolled 47 (19.4%) 66 (18.0%) 86 (24.8%) 35 (6.8%) 52 (12.2%) 286 (15.1%)
education < 0.001
   primary 143 (59.1%) 176 (48.0%) 87 (25.1%) 296 (57.8%) 208 (48.7%) 910 (48.0%)
   secondary 83 (34.3%) 159 (43.3%) 132 (38.0%) 201 (39.3%) 174 (40.7%) 749 (39.5%)
   tertiary 16 (6.6%) 32 (8.7%) 128 (36.9%) 15 (2.9%) 45 (10.5%) 236 (12.5%)
urbanization_level 0.033
   No 120 (49.6%) 179 (48.8%) 171 (49.3%) 266 (52.0%) 250 (58.5%) 986 (52.0%)
   Yes 122 (50.4%) 188 (51.2%) 176 (50.7%) 246 (48.0%) 177 (41.5%) 909 (48.0%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 159 (65.7%) 176 (48.0%) 88 (25.4%) 390 (76.2%) 216 (50.6%) 1029 (54.3%)
   former smokers 74 (30.6%) 139 (37.9%) 182 (52.4%) 105 (20.5%) 199 (46.6%) 699 (36.9%)
   current smoker 9 (3.7%) 52 (14.2%) 77 (22.2%) 17 (3.3%) 12 (2.8%) 167 (8.8%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 8.091 (8.764) 8.186 (7.134) 31.581 (19.042) 3.523 (3.827) 11.500 (8.257) 11.945 (14.129)
   Range 0.000 - 55.500 0.000 - 40.000 0.200 - 112.500 0.000 - 23.000 0.000 - 37.000 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 94 (38.8%) 103 (28.1%) 71 (20.5%) 290 (56.6%) 161 (37.7%) 719 (37.9%)
   Yes 148 (61.2%) 264 (71.9%) 276 (79.5%) 222 (43.4%) 266 (62.3%) 1176 (62.1%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 150 (62.0%) 235 (64.0%) 147 (42.4%) 411 (80.3%) 206 (48.2%) 1149 (60.6%)
   Yes 92 (38.0%) 132 (36.0%) 200 (57.6%) 101 (19.7%) 221 (51.8%) 746 (39.4%)
household_damage < 0.001
   No 215 (88.8%) 300 (81.7%) 312 (89.9%) 441 (86.1%) 389 (91.1%) 1657 (87.4%)
   Yes 27 (11.2%) 67 (18.3%) 35 (10.1%) 71 (13.9%) 38 (8.9%) 238 (12.6%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 60 (24.8%) 85 (23.2%) 139 (40.1%) 241 (47.1%) 183 (42.9%) 708 (37.4%)
   Yes 182 (75.2%) 282 (76.8%) 208 (59.9%) 271 (52.9%) 244 (57.1%) 1187 (62.6%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 64 (26.4%) 102 (27.8%) 139 (40.1%) 264 (51.6%) 171 (40.0%) 740 (39.1%)
   Yes 178 (73.6%) 265 (72.2%) 208 (59.9%) 248 (48.4%) 256 (60.0%) 1155 (60.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 135 (55.8%) 216 (58.9%) 273 (78.7%) 398 (77.7%) 319 (74.7%) 1341 (70.8%)
   Yes 107 (44.2%) 151 (41.1%) 74 (21.3%) 114 (22.3%) 108 (25.3%) 554 (29.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma 0.004
   No 200 (82.6%) 298 (81.2%) 297 (85.6%) 460 (89.8%) 357 (83.6%) 1612 (85.1%)
   Yes 42 (17.4%) 69 (18.8%) 50 (14.4%) 52 (10.2%) 70 (16.4%) 283 (14.9%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 152 (62.8%) 206 (56.1%) 243 (70.0%) 386 (75.4%) 303 (71.0%) 1290 (68.1%)
   Yes 90 (37.2%) 161 (43.9%) 104 (30.0%) 126 (24.6%) 124 (29.0%) 605 (31.9%)
emotion_triggered_asthma 0.035
   No 217 (89.7%) 325 (88.6%) 316 (91.1%) 483 (94.3%) 391 (91.6%) 1732 (91.4%)
   Yes 25 (10.3%) 42 (11.4%) 31 (8.9%) 29 (5.7%) 36 (8.4%) 163 (8.6%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 226 (93.4%) 339 (92.4%) 209 (60.2%) 503 (98.2%) 378 (88.5%) 1655 (87.3%)
   Yes 16 (6.6%) 28 (7.6%) 138 (39.8%) 9 (1.8%) 49 (11.5%) 240 (12.7%)

1.4.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                 p.value df
## dyspenea                   8.732861e-70  4
## XCOPD                      3.100956e-64  4
## smoking_status             1.782637e-61  8
## education                  1.766510e-54  8
## Recurrent_wheeze           1.425297e-46  4
## spt_any                    3.861261e-36  4
## Chronic_productive_cough   3.371892e-34  4
## smoking_exposure_at_work   1.040319e-33  4
## Breathlessness             4.706881e-30  4
## smoking_exposure_at_home   1.697927e-28  4
## Cough                      4.400682e-27  4
## severe_asthma              1.894905e-26  4
## familial_allergy           2.058381e-25  4
## gina_steps                 4.934495e-25 12
## Emergency_last_year        5.477466e-23  4
## gina_control               2.898006e-21  8
## Hosptalization_last_year   2.233934e-16  4
## allergen_triggered_asthma  7.054515e-16  4
## exertion_triggered_asthma  1.835146e-15  4
## infection_triggered_asthma 2.629806e-14  4
## Gender                     5.765514e-10  4
## weather_triggered_asthma   1.643906e-08  4
## nasal_plyposis             3.056004e-06  4
## Ever_rhinitis              1.911654e-05  4
## household_damage           7.124249e-04  4
## Drug_induced_dyspnea       2.599089e-03  4
## irritant_triggered_asthma  3.890875e-03  4
## urbanization_level         3.336456e-02  4
## emotion_triggered_asthma   3.454272e-02  4
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                  Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## Breathlessness=Yes             16.758027 88.429752 67.387863 8.842213e-16
## Gender=No                      17.931937 56.611570 40.316623 4.631081e-08
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes  19.314079 44.214876 29.234828 1.131134e-07
## spt_any=Yes                    15.384615 79.338843 65.857520 1.011934e-06
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes  15.332772 75.206612 62.638522 9.711134e-06
## Cough=No                       15.115354 78.512397 66.332454 1.002202e-05
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes 15.411255 73.553719 60.949868 1.157795e-05
## smoking_status=never smoker    15.451895 65.702479 54.300792 1.242373e-04
## dyspenea=No                    14.237517 87.190083 78.205805 1.502693e-04
## education=primary              15.714286 59.090909 48.021108 2.282387e-04
## XCOPD=No                       13.655589 93.388430 87.335092 1.297110e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes             15.450122 52.479339 43.377309 2.368391e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=No               15.448505 38.429752 31.767810 1.876436e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No        13.150532 97.107438 94.300792 3.396224e-02
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes           15.738499 26.859504 21.794195 4.502769e-02
## gina_control=uncontrolled      16.433566 19.421488 15.092348 4.976923e-02
## Recurrent_wheeze=No            11.943320 73.140496 78.205805 4.502769e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes        6.481481  2.892562  5.699208 3.396224e-02
## smoking_status=former smokers  10.586552 30.578512 36.886544 2.837052e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes              11.523589 61.570248 68.232190 1.876436e-02
## gina_control=controlled         9.902371 29.338843 37.836412 3.171410e-03
## nasal_plyposis=No              10.717614 47.520661 56.622691 2.368391e-03
## education=tertiary              6.779661  6.611570 12.453826 1.801998e-03
## XCOPD=Yes                       6.666667  6.611570 12.664908 1.297110e-03
## smoking_status=current smoker   5.389222  3.719008  8.812665 1.201837e-03
## dyspenea=Yes                    7.506053 12.809917 21.794195 1.502693e-04
## infection_triggered_asthma=No   8.648649 26.446281 39.050132 1.157795e-05
## Cough=Yes                       8.150470 21.487603 33.667546 1.002202e-05
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No    8.474576 24.793388 37.361478 9.711134e-06
## spt_any=No                      7.727975 20.661157 34.142480 1.011934e-06
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No   10.067114 55.785124 70.765172 1.131134e-07
## Gender=Yes                      9.283820 43.388430 59.683377 4.631081e-08
## Breathlessness=No               4.530744 11.570248 32.612137 8.842213e-16
##                                   v.test
## Breathlessness=Yes              8.041947
## Gender=No                       5.464923
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes   5.304288
## spt_any=Yes                     4.889304
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes   4.423507
## Cough=No                        4.416698
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes  4.385387
## smoking_status=never smoker     3.837611
## dyspenea=No                     3.790624
## education=primary               3.685517
## XCOPD=No                        3.216618
## nasal_plyposis=Yes              3.039668
## Ever_rhinitis=No                2.350179
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No         2.120520
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes            2.004396
## gina_control=uncontrolled       1.961942
## Recurrent_wheeze=No            -2.004396
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes       -2.120520
## smoking_status=former smokers  -2.192125
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes              -2.350179
## gina_control=controlled        -2.950616
## nasal_plyposis=No              -3.039668
## education=tertiary             -3.121063
## XCOPD=Yes                      -3.216618
## smoking_status=current smoker  -3.238444
## dyspenea=Yes                   -3.790624
## infection_triggered_asthma=No  -4.385387
## Cough=Yes                      -4.416698
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No   -4.423507
## spt_any=No                     -4.889304
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No   -5.304288
## Gender=Yes                     -5.464923
## Breathlessness=No              -8.041947
## 
## $`1`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## spt_any=Yes                        24.198718 82.288828 65.857520 1.377383e-14
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      23.757372 76.839237 62.638522 1.343916e-10
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      27.256318 41.144414 29.234828 5.050888e-08
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       26.611570 43.869210 31.926121 8.587272e-08
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     22.943723 72.207084 60.949868 5.788517e-07
## familial_allergy=Yes               23.896663 60.490463 49.023747 9.733047e-07
## Breathlessness=Yes                 22.317933 77.656676 67.387863 1.746733e-06
## Gender=Yes                         22.723254 70.027248 59.683377 5.319369e-06
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               27.360775 30.790191 21.794195 6.685782e-06
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       22.448980 71.934605 62.058047 1.069747e-05
## smoking_status=current smoker      31.137725 14.168937  8.812665 1.377301e-04
## gina_steps=step3                   35.416667  9.264305  5.065963 1.527084e-04
## household_damage=Yes               28.151261 18.256131 12.559367 4.314614e-04
## XCOPD=No                           20.483384 92.370572 87.335092 7.423836e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        19.955654 98.092643 95.197889 1.824808e-03
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             25.519288 23.433243 17.783641 2.156189e-03
## dyspenea=Yes                       24.697337 27.792916 21.794195 2.424058e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   22.923588 37.602180 31.767810 8.203742e-03
## nasal_plyposis=No                  21.342032 62.397820 56.622691 1.270064e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      24.381625 18.801090 14.934037 2.362587e-02
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       25.766871 11.444142  8.601583 3.590315e-02
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        18.764434 88.555858 91.398417 3.590315e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       18.486352 81.198910 85.065963 2.362587e-02
## education=tertiary                 13.559322  8.719346 12.453826 1.316001e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 16.788321 37.602180 43.377309 1.270064e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  17.710750 62.397820 68.232190 8.203742e-03
## smoking_status=never smoker        17.103984 47.956403 54.300792 6.756332e-03
## dyspenea=No                        17.881242 72.207084 78.205805 2.424058e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        7.692308  1.907357  4.802111 1.824808e-03
## XCOPD=Yes                          11.666667  7.629428 12.664908 7.423836e-04
## household_damage=No                18.105009 81.743869 87.440633 4.314614e-04
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 16.913484 59.128065 67.704485 1.166763e-04
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        14.325452 28.065395 37.941953 1.069747e-05
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                17.139001 69.209809 78.205805 6.685782e-06
## Gender=No                          14.397906 29.972752 40.316623 5.319369e-06
## Breathlessness=No                  13.268608 22.343324 32.612137 1.746733e-06
## familial_allergy=No                15.010352 39.509537 50.976253 9.733047e-07
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      13.783784 27.792916 39.050132 5.788517e-07
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        15.968992 56.130790 68.073879 8.587272e-08
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       16.107383 58.855586 70.765172 5.050888e-08
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       12.005650 23.160763 37.361478 1.343916e-10
## spt_any=No                         10.046368 17.711172 34.142480 1.377383e-14
##                                       v.test
## spt_any=Yes                         7.698439
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       6.422118
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       5.449510
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        5.354333
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      4.998143
## familial_allergy=Yes                4.896960
## Breathlessness=Yes                  4.780714
## Gender=Yes                          4.551781
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                4.503454
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        4.402573
## smoking_status=current smoker       3.812209
## gina_steps=step3                    3.786623
## household_damage=Yes                3.520053
## XCOPD=No                            3.373428
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         3.117356
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              3.067830
## dyspenea=Yes                        3.032663
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    2.643567
## nasal_plyposis=No                   2.492055
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.263159
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.098023
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        -2.098023
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -2.263159
## education=tertiary                 -2.479410
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 -2.492055
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  -2.643567
## smoking_status=never smoker        -2.708622
## dyspenea=No                        -3.032663
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       -3.117356
## XCOPD=Yes                          -3.373428
## household_damage=No                -3.520053
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -3.853006
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        -4.402573
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -4.503454
## Gender=No                          -4.551781
## Breathlessness=No                  -4.780714
## familial_allergy=No                -4.896960
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -4.998143
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -5.354333
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -5.449510
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -6.422118
## spt_any=No                         -7.698439
## 
## $`2`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## dyspenea=Yes                       46.004843 54.755043 21.794195 2.067100e-52
## XCOPD=Yes                          57.500000 39.769452 12.664908 5.769381e-50
## education=tertiary                 54.237288 36.887608 12.453826 8.032571e-42
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       37.529691 45.533141 22.216359 1.931516e-27
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               36.803874 43.804035 21.794195 5.705806e-25
## Cough=Yes                          30.877743 56.772334 33.667546 1.013438e-22
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            37.908497 33.429395 16.147757 3.083141e-19
## severe_asthma=Yes                  37.459283 33.141210 16.200528 1.518974e-18
## smoking_status=current smoker      46.107784 22.190202  8.812665 3.287349e-18
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              43.575419 22.478386  9.445910 1.250028e-16
## familial_allergy=No                24.948240 69.452450 50.976253 1.438961e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       23.469388 79.538905 62.058047 1.616216e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       26.809651 57.636888 39.366755 2.724467e-14
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       52.747253 13.832853  4.802111 2.870552e-14
## smoking_status=former smokers      26.037196 52.449568 36.886544 6.127944e-11
## gina_control=uncontrolled          30.069930 24.783862 15.092348 1.249458e-07
## spt_any=No                         24.574961 45.821326 34.142480 6.095069e-07
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  20.494973 76.368876 68.232190 2.470806e-04
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       20.357942 78.674352 70.765172 2.548870e-04
## Breathlessness=Yes                 20.516836 75.504323 67.387863 2.870039e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           27.777778  8.645533  5.699208 1.274777e-02
## Gender=Yes                         19.893899 64.841499 59.683377 2.971319e-02
## gina_control=partially controlled  20.179372 51.873199 47.071240 4.791763e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 20.316302 48.126801 43.377309 4.909341e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  16.775396 51.873199 56.622691 4.909341e-02
## Gender=No                          15.968586 35.158501 40.316623 2.971319e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            17.739228 91.354467 94.300792 1.274777e-02
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             13.353116 12.968300 17.783641 7.869667e-03
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 16.367888 60.518732 67.704485 1.779556e-03
## Breathlessness=No                  13.754045 24.495677 32.612137 2.870039e-04
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      13.357401 21.325648 29.234828 2.548870e-04
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   13.621262 23.631124 31.767810 2.470806e-04
## spt_any=Yes                        15.064103 54.178674 65.857520 6.095069e-07
## gina_control=controlled            11.297071 23.342939 37.836412 2.668544e-10
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        16.574279 86.167147 95.197889 2.870552e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        12.793734 42.363112 60.633245 2.724467e-14
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         9.874826 20.461095 37.941953 1.616216e-14
## familial_allergy=Yes               11.410118 30.547550 49.023747 1.438961e-14
## severe_asthma=No                   14.609572 66.858790 83.799472 1.518974e-18
## Emergency_last_year=No             14.537445 66.570605 83.852243 3.083141e-19
## education=primary                   9.560440 25.072046 48.021108 5.018249e-22
## Cough=No                           11.933174 43.227666 66.332454 1.013438e-22
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                13.157895 56.195965 78.205805 5.705806e-25
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        12.822252 54.466859 77.783641 1.931516e-27
## smoking_status=never smoker         8.551992 25.360231 54.300792 1.229335e-33
## XCOPD=No                           12.628399 60.230548 87.335092 5.769381e-50
## dyspenea=No                        10.593792 45.244957 78.205805 2.067100e-52
##                                        v.test
## dyspenea=Yes                        15.235132
## XCOPD=Yes                           14.862542
## education=tertiary                  13.548992
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        10.852921
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                10.320277
## Cough=Yes                            9.810620
## Emergency_last_year=Yes              8.965701
## severe_asthma=Yes                    8.788258
## smoking_status=current smoker        8.701082
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                8.278246
## familial_allergy=No                  7.692847
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes         7.677976
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes         7.610780
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes         7.604027
## smoking_status=former smokers        6.540583
## gina_control=uncontrolled            5.286109
## spt_any=No                           4.988180
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                    3.665267
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No         3.657299
## Breathlessness=Yes                   3.626756
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes             2.490739
## Gender=Yes                           2.173893
## gina_control=partially controlled    1.978098
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                   1.967780
## nasal_plyposis=No                   -1.967780
## Gender=No                           -2.173893
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No             -2.490739
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -2.657611
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -3.124751
## Breathlessness=No                   -3.626756
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       -3.657299
## Ever_rhinitis=No                    -3.665267
## spt_any=Yes                         -4.988180
## gina_control=controlled             -6.316904
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         -7.604027
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         -7.610780
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         -7.677976
## familial_allergy=Yes                -7.692847
## severe_asthma=No                    -8.788258
## Emergency_last_year=No              -8.965701
## education=primary                   -9.647880
## Cough=No                            -9.810620
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -10.320277
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -10.852921
## smoking_status=never smoker        -12.087526
## XCOPD=No                           -14.862542
## dyspenea=No                        -15.235132
## 
## $`3`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## smoking_status=never smoker        37.900875 76.171875 54.300792 1.602891e-32
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                32.726046 94.726562 78.205805 1.309781e-31
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        35.770235 80.273438 60.633245 4.379831e-28
## dyspenea=No                        32.253711 93.359375 78.205805 3.835837e-26
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        40.333797 56.640625 37.941953 5.890867e-24
## XCOPD=No                           30.392749 98.242188 87.335092 1.410139e-23
## severe_asthma=No                   30.730479 95.312500 83.799472 9.737501e-20
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        31.614654 91.015625 77.783641 2.389149e-19
## gina_control=controlled            37.656904 52.734375 37.836412 8.327558e-16
## Breathlessness=No                  38.349515 46.289062 32.612137 3.014966e-14
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 31.956352 80.078125 67.704485 6.070151e-13
## Emergency_last_year=No             29.955947 92.968750 83.852243 2.588285e-12
## familial_allergy=Yes               34.230355 62.109375 49.023747 3.735882e-12
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      35.675676 51.562500 39.050132 1.648868e-11
## Cough=No                           31.662689 77.734375 66.332454 6.628620e-11
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       34.039548 47.070312 37.361478 1.384659e-07
## education=primary                  32.527473 57.812500 48.021108 2.123999e-07
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        29.922481 75.390625 68.073879 2.542462e-05
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       29.679344 77.734375 70.765172 3.808955e-05
## nasal_plyposis=No                  30.475303 63.867188 56.622691 1.016078e-04
## spt_any=Yes                        29.727564 72.460938 65.857520 1.971102e-04
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       28.535980 89.843750 85.065963 2.611174e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        27.771619 97.851562 95.197889 4.767628e-04
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        27.886836 94.335938 91.398417 4.254751e-03
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            27.700056 96.679688 94.300792 4.742272e-03
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             21.958457 14.453125 17.783641 1.959589e-02
## gina_steps=step3                   16.666667  3.125000  5.065963 1.559177e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes           15.740741  3.320312  5.699208 4.742272e-03
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       17.791411  5.664062  8.601583 4.254751e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       12.087912  2.148438  4.802111 4.767628e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  23.206278 40.429688 47.071240 4.176901e-04
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      18.374558 10.156250 14.934037 2.611174e-04
## spt_any=No                         21.792890 27.539062 34.142480 1.971102e-04
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 22.506083 36.132812 43.377309 1.016078e-04
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      20.577617 22.265625 29.234828 3.808955e-05
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       20.826446 24.609375 31.926121 2.542462e-05
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      22.830666 52.929688 62.638522 1.384659e-07
## smoking_status=current smoker      10.179641  3.320312  8.812665 2.799521e-08
## gina_control=uncontrolled          12.237762  6.835938 15.092348 8.058755e-11
## Cough=Yes                          17.868339 22.265625 33.667546 6.628620e-11
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     21.471861 48.437500 60.949868 1.648868e-11
## familial_allergy=No                20.082816 37.890625 50.976253 3.735882e-12
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            11.764706  7.031250 16.147757 2.588285e-12
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               6.703911  2.343750  9.445910 7.117360e-13
## Breathlessness=Yes                 21.534847 53.710938 67.387863 3.014966e-14
## education=tertiary                  6.355932  2.929688 12.453826 1.354623e-17
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       10.926366  8.984375 22.216359 2.389149e-19
## severe_asthma=Yes                   7.817590  4.687500 16.200528 9.737501e-20
## smoking_status=former smokers      15.021459 20.507812 36.886544 2.190328e-20
## XCOPD=Yes                           3.750000  1.757812 12.664908 1.410139e-23
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       18.877551 43.359375 62.058047 5.890867e-24
## dyspenea=Yes                        8.232446  6.640625 21.794195 3.835837e-26
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       13.538874 19.726562 39.366755 4.379831e-28
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                6.537530  5.273438 21.794195 1.309781e-31
##                                        v.test
## smoking_status=never smoker         11.874658
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 11.697685
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No         10.987692
## dyspenea=No                         10.576357
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No         10.093696
## XCOPD=No                            10.007685
## severe_asthma=No                     9.091842
## Chronic_productive_cough=No          8.993760
## gina_control=controlled              8.049290
## Breathlessness=No                    7.597676
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users   7.198897
## Emergency_last_year=No               6.998440
## familial_allergy=Yes                 6.946829
## infection_triggered_asthma=No        6.734154
## Cough=No                             6.528828
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No         5.267272
## education=primary                    5.188144
## weather_triggered_asthma=No          4.210997
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No         4.118773
## nasal_plyposis=No                    3.886720
## spt_any=Yes                          3.722692
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No         3.651102
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          3.493483
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No          2.858630
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No              2.824038
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -2.333997
## gina_steps=step3                    -2.418334
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            -2.824038
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        -2.858630
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -3.493483
## gina_control=partially controlled   -3.528647
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       -3.651102
## spt_any=No                          -3.722692
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -3.886720
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       -4.118773
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        -4.210997
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       -5.267272
## smoking_status=current smoker       -5.553533
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -6.499500
## Cough=Yes                           -6.528828
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      -6.734154
## familial_allergy=No                 -6.946829
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -6.998440
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -7.177161
## Breathlessness=Yes                  -7.597676
## education=tertiary                  -8.538937
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        -8.993760
## severe_asthma=Yes                   -9.091842
## smoking_status=former smokers       -9.252631
## XCOPD=Yes                          -10.007685
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       -10.093696
## dyspenea=Yes                       -10.576357
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       -10.987692
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               -11.697685
## 
## $`4`
##                                 Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## spt_any=No                    35.857805 54.332553 34.142480 1.295020e-22
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes  29.624665 51.756440 39.366755 3.727245e-09
## Breathlessness=No             30.097087 43.559719 32.612137 7.020424e-08
## dyspenea=No                   25.033738 86.885246 78.205805 2.881585e-07
## Recurrent_wheeze=No           25.033738 86.885246 78.205805 2.881585e-07
## familial_allergy=No           27.329193 61.826698 50.976253 3.244780e-07
## smoking_status=former smokers 28.469242 46.604215 36.886544 2.913072e-06
## urbanization_level=No         25.354970 58.548009 52.031662 2.182408e-03
## household_damage=No           23.476162 91.100703 87.440633 7.809943e-03
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No  25.847458 42.857143 37.361478 8.068208e-03
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes             24.129930 73.067916 68.232190 1.404658e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes            24.939173 48.009368 43.377309 2.874837e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No  23.788218 74.707260 70.765172 4.067127e-02
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes 19.494585 25.292740 29.234828 4.067127e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No             20.689655 51.990632 56.622691 2.874837e-02
## Ever_rhinitis=No              19.102990 26.932084 31.767810 1.404658e-02
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes 20.556024 57.142857 62.638522 8.068208e-03
## household_damage=Yes          15.966387  8.899297 12.559367 7.809943e-03
## urbanization_level=Yes        19.471947 41.451991 47.968338 2.182408e-03
## familial_allergy=Yes          17.545748 38.173302 49.023747 3.244780e-07
## dyspenea=Yes                  13.559322 13.114754 21.794195 2.881585e-07
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes          13.559322 13.114754 21.794195 2.881585e-07
## Breathlessness=Yes            18.872357 56.440281 67.387863 7.020424e-08
## smoking_status=current smoker  7.185629  2.810304  8.812665 4.141056e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No   17.928634 48.243560 60.633245 3.727245e-09
## spt_any=Yes                   15.625000 45.667447 65.857520 1.295020e-22
##                                  v.test
## spt_any=No                     9.785850
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes   5.895865
## Breathlessness=No              5.390648
## dyspenea=No                    5.131032
## Recurrent_wheeze=No            5.131032
## familial_allergy=No            5.108645
## smoking_status=former smokers  4.676856
## urbanization_level=No          3.064217
## household_damage=No            2.660178
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No   2.649202
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes              2.456070
## nasal_plyposis=Yes             2.186920
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No   2.046866
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes -2.046866
## nasal_plyposis=No             -2.186920
## Ever_rhinitis=No              -2.456070
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes -2.649202
## household_damage=Yes          -2.660178
## urbanization_level=Yes        -3.064217
## familial_allergy=Yes          -5.108645
## dyspenea=Yes                  -5.131032
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes          -5.131032
## Breathlessness=Yes            -5.390648
## smoking_status=current smoker -5.484728
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No   -5.895865
## spt_any=Yes                   -9.785850
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                           Eta2       P-value
## Age                 0.52963420 1.419208e-307
## pack_years          0.47335370 3.069546e-261
## FeNO                0.47122826 1.374417e-259
## kco                 0.32814842 1.845899e-161
## tlco                0.32414291 5.016985e-159
## BMI                 0.25992799 7.177280e-122
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.24730249 5.982284e-115
## onset_age_asthma    0.23893225 1.998308e-110
## Eosinophiles        0.23227331 7.305952e-107
## Neutrophiles        0.19039174  3.778311e-85
## Reversibility       0.15369277  4.776113e-67
## Monocytes           0.14079031  7.095291e-61
## Basophiles          0.10535347  2.056224e-44
## pd20                0.08732285  2.639520e-36
## Lymphocytes         0.04462741  7.915666e-18
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FeNO                29.677249     6.539628e+01 2.550929e+01   3.545507e+01
## Eosinophiles        19.891147     4.164463e-01 2.196359e-01   2.579892e-01
## Reversibility       14.449652     1.399315e+01 7.333086e+00   1.175772e+01
## Basophiles           6.076161     4.822314e-02 3.133509e-02   5.135905e-02
## tlco                 5.804100     1.064724e+02 1.001420e+02   2.386841e+01
## kco                  2.708011     1.014832e+02 9.897243e+01   1.258268e+01
## pd20                -4.007428     1.385852e+03 1.952471e+03   1.647009e+03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -4.208761     7.456837e-01 7.699727e-01   1.028191e-01
## Neutrophiles        -4.495590     3.482851e+00 3.856132e+00   1.152106e+00
## pack_years          -4.543152     8.090618e+00 1.194451e+01   8.745548e+00
## BMI                 -5.308587     2.550626e+01 2.706171e+01   3.562335e+00
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 1.509912e-193
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  4.855186e-88
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  2.519561e-47
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  1.230941e-09
## tlco                1.816168e+01  6.471266e-09
## kco                 1.543910e+01  6.768785e-03
## pd20                2.354436e+03  6.138369e-05
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  2.567750e-05
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  6.937730e-06
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  5.541925e-06
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  1.104786e-07
## 
## $`1`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## BMI                 18.194966      31.22394479 2.706171e+01   5.328388e+00
## kco                 14.989717     109.82303876 9.897243e+01   1.285393e+01
## Neutrophiles        11.322277       4.59010899 3.856132e+00   1.404461e+00
## tlco                10.693746     109.24790718 1.001420e+02   1.418513e+01
## Monocytes            8.707375       0.48937330 4.264011e-01   1.487327e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  7.731372       0.80480741 7.699727e-01   7.486366e-02
## Basophiles           6.567306       0.04558583 3.133509e-02   5.019985e-02
## Lymphocytes          6.172153       2.18046322 1.982802e+00   5.987558e-01
## Reversibility       -3.150785       6.19927700 7.333086e+00   5.584120e+00
## pack_years          -5.675808       8.18553134 1.194451e+01   7.124678e+00
## FeNO                -6.340192      18.85640327 2.550929e+01   1.024149e+01
## onset_age_asthma    -7.135435      15.77929155 2.149024e+01   1.174306e+01
## Age                 -8.524001      43.43869210 4.971821e+01   1.139893e+01
## pd20                -8.820681     978.76518851 1.952471e+03   1.212536e+03
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 5.657440e-74
## kco                 1.543910e+01 8.571808e-51
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 1.017933e-29
## tlco                1.816168e+01 1.088826e-26
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 3.109933e-18
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 1.063935e-14
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 5.123364e-11
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 6.736608e-10
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 1.628324e-03
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 1.380359e-08
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 2.294788e-10
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 9.648148e-13
## Age                 1.571245e+01 1.541339e-17
## pd20                2.354436e+03 1.137655e-18
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## pack_years           28.643969       31.5811527 1.194451e+01   1.901471e+01
## Age                  20.179923       65.1066282 4.971821e+01   9.259788e+00
## onset_age_asthma     14.703189       33.6714697 2.149024e+01   1.962094e+01
## Neutrophiles         12.032899        4.6635735 3.856132e+00   1.645269e+00
## Monocytes            10.589823        0.5056772 4.264011e-01   2.005016e-01
## BMI                   6.875723       28.6898248 2.706171e+01   5.001402e+00
## Basophiles            6.013089        0.0448415 3.133509e-02   5.141419e-02
## pd20                  6.008991     2639.0954304 1.952471e+03   1.755471e+03
## Reversibility         5.941960        9.5463999 7.333086e+00   8.854367e+00
## Lymphocytes           4.566485        2.1341787 1.982802e+00   8.953109e-01
## FeNO                 -6.470565       18.4811239 2.550929e+01   1.182667e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -17.411925        0.6887655 7.699727e-01   1.157950e-01
## kco                 -20.348350       83.7255171 9.897243e+01   1.517849e+01
## tlco                -21.260023       81.4027935 1.001420e+02   1.512867e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 1.905786e-180
## Age                 1.571245e+01  1.469756e-90
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  6.149412e-49
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  2.386311e-33
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  3.322199e-26
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  6.167622e-12
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  1.820216e-09
## pd20                2.354436e+03  1.866819e-09
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  2.816347e-09
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  4.959704e-06
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  9.763703e-11
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  6.699298e-68
## kco                 1.543910e+01  4.801657e-92
## tlco                1.816168e+01 2.662836e-100
## 
## $`3`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  14.328025     8.219710e-01 7.699727e-01   5.511100e-02
## tlco                 10.977173     1.076709e+02 1.001420e+02   1.158701e+01
## kco                   8.913361     1.041694e+02 9.897243e+01   1.122622e+01
## pd20                 -2.316485     1.746502e+03 1.952471e+03   3.121557e+03
## Lymphocytes          -3.133558     1.901973e+00 1.982802e+00   5.215596e-01
## FeNO                 -8.411338     1.840010e+01 2.550929e+01   9.192728e+00
## Reversibility        -8.449259     4.884095e+00 7.333086e+00   4.058468e+00
## Eosinophiles        -10.140165     1.565430e-01 2.196359e-01   9.597140e-02
## Basophiles          -10.396376     1.316406e-02 3.133509e-02   3.161889e-02
## Monocytes           -10.802154     3.634766e-01 4.264011e-01   1.138445e-01
## Neutrophiles        -10.927585     3.285547e+00 3.856132e+00   1.027281e+00
## BMI                 -14.276858     2.443110e+01 2.706171e+01   3.317560e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -14.657537     1.204102e+01 2.149024e+01   8.332230e+00
## pack_years          -15.787026     3.523002e+00 1.194451e+01   3.822798e+00
## Age                 -23.760761     3.561914e+01 4.971821e+01   9.912186e+00
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  1.462194e-46
## tlco                1.816168e+01  4.920830e-28
## kco                 1.543910e+01  4.950846e-19
## pd20                2.354436e+03  2.053180e-02
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  1.727010e-03
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  4.053589e-17
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  2.931584e-17
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  3.664805e-24
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  2.575435e-25
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  3.362235e-27
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  8.508244e-28
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  3.050465e-46
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  1.205681e-48
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  3.821799e-56
## Age                 1.571245e+01 8.505048e-125
## 
## $`4`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                 15.964329     6.040515e+01 4.971821e+01   9.929365e+00
## onset_age_asthma     9.913501     2.870023e+01 2.149024e+01   1.765978e+01
## pd20                 8.443801     2.799472e+03 1.952471e+03   2.337466e+03
## FeNO                -2.781191     2.285738e+01 2.550929e+01   1.256297e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -3.060570     7.574419e-01 7.699727e-01   7.417503e-02
## BMI                 -4.159588     2.619704e+01 2.706171e+01   3.614839e+00
## Eosinophiles        -5.039304     1.842623e-01 2.196359e-01   1.159953e-01
## Reversibility       -5.083291     5.670873e+00 7.333086e+00   5.712651e+00
## Basophiles          -5.582224     2.032787e-02 3.133509e-02   3.868912e-02
## Monocytes           -6.055726     3.866042e-01 4.264011e-01   1.176843e-01
## Lymphocytes         -6.129587     1.804426e+00 1.982802e+00   6.810739e-01
## Neutrophiles        -6.642370     3.464848e+00 3.856132e+00   9.777421e-01
## tlco                -6.737672     9.492852e+01 1.001420e+02   1.210566e+01
## kco                 -6.978086     9.438238e+01 9.897243e+01   1.185941e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## Age                 1.571245e+01 2.264623e-57
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 3.636760e-23
## pd20                2.354436e+03 3.071821e-17
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 5.415980e-03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 2.209161e-03
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 3.188218e-05
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01 4.672277e-07
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 3.709509e-07
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 2.374629e-08
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 1.397856e-09
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 8.810774e-10
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 3.086781e-11
## tlco                1.816168e+01 1.609444e-11
## kco                 1.543910e+01 2.992295e-12

1.4.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.4.4 parallel box plots

1.4.5 parallel coordinate plot

1.5 Deep Empedding Clustering on the encoded data 4 clusters

1.5.1 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=458) 1 (N=545) 2 (N=358) 3 (N=534) Total (N=1895) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 65.753 (9.281) 44.690 (12.294) 48.760 (14.631) 41.740 (13.967) 49.718 (15.717)
   Range 28.000 - 86.000 18.000 - 78.000 18.000 - 82.000 17.000 - 97.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender < 0.001
   No 168 (36.7%) 158 (29.0%) 191 (53.4%) 247 (46.3%) 764 (40.3%)
   Yes 290 (63.3%) 387 (71.0%) 167 (46.6%) 287 (53.7%) 1131 (59.7%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.548 (4.965) 27.515 (5.161) 26.435 (4.347) 25.744 (4.421) 27.062 (4.880)
   Range 17.603 - 48.870 17.509 - 50.058 18.084 - 42.453 17.029 - 46.094 17.029 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 35.105 (19.370) 17.761 (12.524) 21.494 (17.386) 13.616 (10.780) 21.490 (17.075)
   Range 1.000 - 72.000 1.000 - 62.000 1.000 - 70.000 -1.000 - 58.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 223 (48.7%) 341 (62.6%) 256 (71.5%) 437 (81.8%) 1257 (66.3%)
   Yes 235 (51.3%) 204 (37.4%) 102 (28.5%) 97 (18.2%) 638 (33.7%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 130 (28.4%) 130 (23.9%) 43 (12.0%) 315 (59.0%) 618 (32.6%)
   Yes 328 (71.6%) 415 (76.1%) 315 (88.0%) 219 (41.0%) 1277 (67.4%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 299 (65.3%) 439 (80.6%) 255 (71.2%) 489 (91.6%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 159 (34.7%) 106 (19.4%) 103 (28.8%) 45 (8.4%) 413 (21.8%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 253 (55.2%) 436 (80.0%) 306 (85.5%) 487 (91.2%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 205 (44.8%) 109 (20.0%) 52 (14.5%) 47 (8.8%) 413 (21.8%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 278 (60.7%) 423 (77.6%) 291 (81.3%) 482 (90.3%) 1474 (77.8%)
   Yes 180 (39.3%) 122 (22.4%) 67 (18.7%) 52 (9.7%) 421 (22.2%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.703 (0.112) 0.796 (0.066) 0.755 (0.102) 0.810 (0.065) 0.770 (0.096)
   Range 0.230 - 0.994 0.541 - 1.028 0.424 - 1.590 0.557 - 1.009 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 8.627 (8.493) 5.829 (5.399) 12.099 (10.536) 4.563 (4.097) 7.333 (7.677)
   Range -6.858 - 55.102 -26.774 - 30.890 -12.121 - 77.242 -12.603 - 26.316 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2987.810 (1994.137) 1812.680 (2567.594) 1432.356 (1615.766) 1555.846 (2557.623) 1952.471 (2355.058)
   Range -1417.620 - 13923.750 -1417.620 - 38775.000 -3701.250 - 9693.750 -26261.250 - 19387.500 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 82.807 (14.553) 106.508 (17.813) 105.515 (14.274) 104.910 (13.746) 100.142 (18.166)
   Range 44.453 - 136.837 67.252 - 389.709 67.966 - 161.534 63.818 - 230.491 44.453 - 389.709
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 85.049 (14.299) 105.528 (12.856) 103.274 (13.624) 101.340 (12.271) 98.972 (15.443)
   Range 40.972 - 127.030 67.106 - 144.168 60.955 - 149.720 69.265 - 142.603 40.972 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 19.006 (11.585) 18.535 (12.325) 54.705 (32.710) 18.632 (9.383) 25.509 (22.386)
   Range 3.600 - 100.700 5.000 - 226.000 5.000 - 203.000 3.300 - 64.000 3.300 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.210 (0.131) 0.169 (0.094) 0.392 (0.233) 0.164 (0.103) 0.220 (0.165)
   Range 0.000 - 0.810 0.000 - 0.600 0.050 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.700 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.478 (1.628) 3.842 (1.307) 3.672 (1.228) 3.461 (1.122) 3.856 (1.383)
   Range 1.300 - 12.500 1.100 - 10.600 1.000 - 8.950 1.300 - 7.600 1.000 - 12.500
Lymphocyties 0.009
   Mean (SD) 2.069 (0.946) 1.952 (0.548) 1.997 (0.645) 1.931 (0.544) 1.983 (0.683)
   Range 0.300 - 11.200 0.600 - 4.100 0.600 - 5.000 0.800 - 4.100 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.482 (0.193) 0.403 (0.125) 0.444 (0.149) 0.390 (0.131) 0.426 (0.154)
   Range 0.200 - 2.400 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.039 (0.050) 0.022 (0.040) 0.054 (0.051) 0.020 (0.038) 0.031 (0.046)
   Range 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.190 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 278 (60.7%) 176 (32.3%) 81 (22.6%) 112 (21.0%) 647 (34.1%)
   Yes 180 (39.3%) 369 (67.7%) 277 (77.4%) 422 (79.0%) 1248 (65.9%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 335 (73.1%) 219 (40.2%) 170 (47.5%) 242 (45.3%) 966 (51.0%)
   Yes 123 (26.9%) 326 (59.8%) 188 (52.5%) 292 (54.7%) 929 (49.0%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea 0.017
   No 420 (91.7%) 512 (93.9%) 345 (96.4%) 510 (95.5%) 1787 (94.3%)
   Yes 38 (8.3%) 33 (6.1%) 13 (3.6%) 24 (4.5%) 108 (5.7%)
nasal_plyposis 0.001
   No 238 (52.0%) 333 (61.1%) 182 (50.8%) 320 (59.9%) 1073 (56.6%)
   Yes 220 (48.0%) 212 (38.9%) 176 (49.2%) 214 (40.1%) 822 (43.4%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 93 (20.3%) 159 (29.2%) 118 (33.0%) 232 (43.4%) 602 (31.8%)
   Yes 365 (79.7%) 386 (70.8%) 240 (67.0%) 302 (56.6%) 1293 (68.2%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 299 (65.3%) 315 (57.8%) 214 (59.8%) 455 (85.2%) 1283 (67.7%)
   step 1 or 2 69 (15.1%) 130 (23.9%) 83 (23.2%) 55 (10.3%) 337 (17.8%)
   step3 17 (3.7%) 39 (7.2%) 22 (6.1%) 18 (3.4%) 96 (5.1%)
   step4 or 5 73 (15.9%) 61 (11.2%) 39 (10.9%) 6 (1.1%) 179 (9.4%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 402 (87.8%) 530 (97.2%) 348 (97.2%) 524 (98.1%) 1804 (95.2%)
   Yes 56 (12.2%) 15 (2.8%) 10 (2.8%) 10 (1.9%) 91 (4.8%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 328 (71.6%) 464 (85.1%) 312 (87.2%) 485 (90.8%) 1589 (83.9%)
   Yes 130 (28.4%) 81 (14.9%) 46 (12.8%) 49 (9.2%) 306 (16.1%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 335 (73.1%) 449 (82.4%) 290 (81.0%) 514 (96.3%) 1588 (83.8%)
   Yes 123 (26.9%) 96 (17.6%) 68 (19.0%) 20 (3.7%) 307 (16.2%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 120 (26.2%) 178 (32.7%) 113 (31.6%) 306 (57.3%) 717 (37.8%)
   partially controlled 236 (51.5%) 292 (53.6%) 181 (50.6%) 183 (34.3%) 892 (47.1%)
   uncontrolled 102 (22.3%) 75 (13.8%) 64 (17.9%) 45 (8.4%) 286 (15.1%)
education < 0.001
   primary 153 (33.4%) 307 (56.3%) 186 (52.0%) 264 (49.4%) 910 (48.0%)
   secondary 163 (35.6%) 215 (39.4%) 138 (38.5%) 233 (43.6%) 749 (39.5%)
   tertiary 142 (31.0%) 23 (4.2%) 34 (9.5%) 37 (6.9%) 236 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 280 (61.1%) 312 (57.2%) 196 (54.7%) 198 (37.1%) 986 (52.0%)
   Yes 178 (38.9%) 233 (42.8%) 162 (45.3%) 336 (62.9%) 909 (48.0%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 151 (33.0%) 342 (62.8%) 212 (59.2%) 324 (60.7%) 1029 (54.3%)
   former smokers 230 (50.2%) 174 (31.9%) 122 (34.1%) 173 (32.4%) 699 (36.9%)
   current smoker 77 (16.8%) 29 (5.3%) 24 (6.7%) 37 (6.9%) 167 (8.8%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 27.069 (18.779) 7.011 (6.790) 8.306 (8.357) 6.447 (7.250) 11.945 (14.129)
   Range 0.100 - 112.500 0.000 - 36.000 0.000 - 55.500 0.000 - 43.500 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 112 (24.5%) 221 (40.6%) 129 (36.0%) 257 (48.1%) 719 (37.9%)
   Yes 346 (75.5%) 324 (59.4%) 229 (64.0%) 277 (51.9%) 1176 (62.1%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 191 (41.7%) 365 (67.0%) 218 (60.9%) 375 (70.2%) 1149 (60.6%)
   Yes 267 (58.3%) 180 (33.0%) 140 (39.1%) 159 (29.8%) 746 (39.4%)
household_damage 0.034
   No 413 (90.2%) 460 (84.4%) 319 (89.1%) 465 (87.1%) 1657 (87.4%)
   Yes 45 (9.8%) 85 (15.6%) 39 (10.9%) 69 (12.9%) 238 (12.6%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 176 (38.4%) 32 (5.9%) 76 (21.2%) 424 (79.4%) 708 (37.4%)
   Yes 282 (61.6%) 513 (94.1%) 282 (78.8%) 110 (20.6%) 1187 (62.6%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 164 (35.8%) 33 (6.1%) 85 (23.7%) 458 (85.8%) 740 (39.1%)
   Yes 294 (64.2%) 512 (93.9%) 273 (76.3%) 76 (14.2%) 1155 (60.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 353 (77.1%) 302 (55.4%) 210 (58.7%) 476 (89.1%) 1341 (70.8%)
   Yes 105 (22.9%) 243 (44.6%) 148 (41.3%) 58 (10.9%) 554 (29.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 399 (87.1%) 402 (73.8%) 291 (81.3%) 520 (97.4%) 1612 (85.1%)
   Yes 59 (12.9%) 143 (26.2%) 67 (18.7%) 14 (2.6%) 283 (14.9%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 331 (72.3%) 230 (42.2%) 212 (59.2%) 517 (96.8%) 1290 (68.1%)
   Yes 127 (27.7%) 315 (57.8%) 146 (40.8%) 17 (3.2%) 605 (31.9%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 422 (92.1%) 471 (86.4%) 308 (86.0%) 531 (99.4%) 1732 (91.4%)
   Yes 36 (7.9%) 74 (13.6%) 50 (14.0%) 3 (0.6%) 163 (8.6%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 304 (66.4%) 502 (92.1%) 332 (92.7%) 517 (96.8%) 1655 (87.3%)
   Yes 154 (33.6%) 43 (7.9%) 26 (7.3%) 17 (3.2%) 240 (12.7%)

1.5.2 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                  p.value df
## infection_triggered_asthma 6.189615e-168  3
## exertion_triggered_asthma  8.155742e-146  3
## weather_triggered_asthma    1.145254e-83  3
## Breathlessness              2.819104e-56  3
## XCOPD                       4.836311e-53  3
## spt_any                     1.447700e-44  3
## dyspenea                    1.474948e-44  3
## education                   1.237040e-41  6
## allergen_triggered_asthma   1.626466e-39  3
## Cough                       8.656088e-28  3
## Chronic_productive_cough    1.437910e-27  3
## gina_control                3.152960e-27  6
## irritant_triggered_asthma   1.014061e-26  3
## familial_allergy            1.035399e-26  3
## gina_steps                  1.522914e-26  9
## smoking_status              1.267340e-24  6
## Recurrent_wheeze            2.696980e-24  3
## severe_asthma               5.269831e-22  3
## smoking_exposure_at_work    3.222878e-21  3
## emotion_triggered_asthma    4.639049e-16  3
## Hosptalization_last_year    7.877491e-16  3
## Emergency_last_year         8.147680e-16  3
## urbanization_level          4.171803e-15  3
## Gender                      5.887327e-14  3
## Ever_rhinitis               1.168482e-13  3
## smoking_exposure_at_home    3.520046e-13  3
## nasal_plyposis              1.279767e-03  3
## Drug_induced_dyspnea        1.717488e-02  3
## household_damage            3.413098e-02  3
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                    Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## XCOPD=Yes                         64.16667 33.624454 12.664908 3.896970e-46
## spt_any=No                        42.96754 60.698690 34.142480 2.167292e-41
## dyspenea=Yes                      49.63680 44.759825 21.794195 1.685373e-38
## education=tertiary                60.16949 31.004367 12.453826 3.340855e-37
## familial_allergy=No               34.67909 73.144105 50.976253 2.065134e-28
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes      42.75534 39.301310 22.216359 3.962157e-22
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes      35.79088 58.296943 39.366755 4.289293e-21
## Cough=Yes                         36.83386 51.310044 33.667546 2.363067e-19
## Emergency_last_year=Yes           42.48366 28.384279 16.147757 7.898957e-15
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes      61.53846 12.227074  4.802111 8.396945e-15
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes              38.49879 34.716157 21.794195 1.236431e-13
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes      29.42177 75.545852 62.058047 3.098246e-12
## severe_asthma=Yes                 40.06515 26.855895 16.200528 1.129165e-11
## smoking_status=former smokers     32.90415 50.218341 36.886544 2.015137e-11
## smoking_status=current smoker     46.10778 16.812227  8.812665 8.407061e-11
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                 28.22892 79.694323 68.232190 5.227330e-10
## gina_steps=step4 or 5             40.78212 15.938865  9.445910 2.326426e-07
## gina_control=uncontrolled         35.66434 22.270742 15.092348 2.018706e-06
## urbanization_level=No             28.39757 61.135371 52.031662 7.173104e-06
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No      26.32364 77.074236 70.765172 5.500810e-04
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes          35.18519  8.296943  5.699208 8.148283e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                26.76399 48.034934 43.377309 2.133010e-02
## Breathlessness=Yes                25.68520 71.615721 67.387863 2.590791e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=No       25.65891 72.270742 68.073879 2.613725e-02
## gina_control=partially controlled 26.45740 51.528384 47.071240 2.850836e-02
## household_damage=No               24.92456 90.174672 87.440633 3.964645e-02
## education=secondary               21.76235 35.589520 39.525066 4.750227e-02
## household_damage=Yes              18.90756  9.825328 12.559367 3.964645e-02
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes      20.99174 27.729258 31.926121 2.613725e-02
## Breathlessness=No                 21.03560 28.384279 32.612137 2.590791e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                 22.18080 51.965066 56.622691 2.133010e-02
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No           23.50308 91.703057 94.300792 8.148283e-03
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes     18.95307 22.925764 29.234828 5.500810e-04
## urbanization_level=Yes            19.58196 38.864629 47.968338 7.173104e-06
## gina_control=controlled           16.73640 26.200873 37.836412 2.033886e-09
## Ever_rhinitis=No                  15.44850 20.305677 31.767810 5.227330e-10
## severe_asthma=No                  21.09572 73.144105 83.799472 1.129165e-11
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No       15.57719 24.454148 37.941953 3.098246e-12
## education=primary                 16.81319 33.406114 48.021108 4.522321e-13
## Recurrent_wheeze=No               20.17544 65.283843 78.205805 1.236431e-13
## Hosptalization_last_year=No       22.28381 87.772926 95.197889 8.396945e-15
## Emergency_last_year=No            20.64191 71.615721 83.852243 7.898957e-15
## Cough=No                          17.74065 48.689956 66.332454 2.363067e-19
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No       16.62315 41.703057 60.633245 4.289293e-21
## Chronic_productive_cough=No       18.86024 60.698690 77.783641 3.962157e-22
## smoking_status=never smoker       14.67444 32.969432 54.300792 5.196301e-26
## familial_allergy=Yes              13.24004 26.855895 49.023747 2.065134e-28
## dyspenea=No                       17.07152 55.240175 78.205805 1.685373e-38
## spt_any=Yes                       14.42308 39.301310 65.857520 2.167292e-41
## XCOPD=No                          18.36858 66.375546 87.335092 3.896970e-46
##                                       v.test
## XCOPD=Yes                          14.259777
## spt_any=No                         13.475933
## dyspenea=Yes                       12.975480
## education=tertiary                 12.744603
## familial_allergy=No                11.055357
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        9.672087
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        9.425287
## Cough=Yes                           8.994965
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             7.769190
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        7.761441
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                7.412818
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        6.973194
## severe_asthma=Yes                   6.788996
## smoking_status=former smokers       6.704922
## smoking_status=current smoker       6.493131
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   6.212124
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               5.171162
## gina_control=uncontrolled           4.751543
## urbanization_level=No               4.488486
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        3.455104
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=Yes            2.645863
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  2.302090
## Breathlessness=Yes                  2.227589
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         2.224166
## gina_control=partially controlled   2.190219
## household_damage=No                 2.057414
## education=secondary                -1.981794
## household_damage=Yes               -2.057414
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       -2.224166
## Breathlessness=No                  -2.227589
## nasal_plyposis=No                  -2.302090
## Drug_induced_dyspnea=No            -2.645863
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      -3.455104
## urbanization_level=Yes             -4.488486
## gina_control=controlled            -5.995077
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   -6.212124
## severe_asthma=No                   -6.788996
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        -6.973194
## education=primary                  -7.238932
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -7.412818
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        -7.761441
## Emergency_last_year=No             -7.769190
## Cough=No                           -8.994965
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        -9.425287
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        -9.672087
## smoking_status=never smoker       -10.547868
## familial_allergy=Yes              -11.055357
## dyspenea=No                       -12.975480
## spt_any=Yes                       -13.475933
## XCOPD=No                          -14.259777
## 
## $`1`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     44.329004 93.944954 60.949868 1.670188e-92
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      43.218197 94.128440 62.638522 2.351936e-86
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       52.066116 57.798165 31.926121 3.955456e-51
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      43.862816 44.587156 29.234828 6.388608e-20
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      50.530035 26.238532 14.934037 4.204323e-17
## Gender=Yes                         34.217507 71.009174 59.683377 1.044823e-10
## familial_allergy=Yes               35.091496 59.816514 49.023747 2.284110e-09
## Breathlessness=Yes                 32.498042 76.146789 67.387863 1.544692e-07
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       45.398773 13.577982  8.601583 2.416453e-06
## smoking_status=never smoker        33.236152 62.752294 54.300792 2.499582e-06
## education=primary                  33.736264 56.330275 48.021108 4.304610e-06
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             38.575668 23.853211 17.783641 1.770873e-05
## XCOPD=No                           30.332326 92.110092 87.335092 3.935851e-05
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        31.766754 66.972477 60.633245 3.099530e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled  32.735426 53.577982 47.071240 3.188451e-04
## urbanization_level=No              31.643002 57.247706 52.031662 3.877199e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        29.379157 97.247706 95.197889 5.938770e-03
## gina_steps=step3                   40.625000  7.155963  5.065963 1.071815e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  31.034483 61.100917 56.622691 1.234240e-02
## household_damage=Yes               35.714286 15.596330 12.559367 1.277763e-02
## Cough=Yes                          31.974922 37.431193 33.667546 2.844286e-02
## Cough=No                           27.128083 62.568807 66.332454 2.844286e-02
## household_damage=No                27.761014 84.403670 87.440633 1.277763e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 25.790754 38.899083 43.377309 1.234240e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       16.483516  2.752294  4.802111 5.938770e-03
## smoking_status=former smokers      24.892704 31.926606 36.886544 4.299357e-03
## urbanization_level=Yes             25.632563 42.752294 47.968338 3.877199e-03
## gina_control=controlled            24.825662 32.660550 37.836412 3.035902e-03
## smoking_status=current smoker      17.365269  5.321101  8.812665 4.081052e-04
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       24.128686 33.027523 39.366755 3.099530e-04
## XCOPD=Yes                          17.916667  7.889908 12.664908 3.935851e-05
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        27.193995 86.422018 91.398417 2.416453e-06
## Breathlessness=No                  21.035599 23.853211 32.612137 1.544692e-07
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 24.551832 57.798165 67.704485 7.340433e-09
## familial_allergy=No                22.670807 40.183486 50.976253 2.284110e-09
## Gender=No                          20.680628 28.990826 40.316623 1.044823e-10
## education=tertiary                  9.745763  4.220183 12.453826 6.659516e-14
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       24.937965 73.761468 85.065963 4.204323e-17
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       22.520507 55.412844 70.765172 6.388608e-20
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        17.829457 42.201835 68.073879 3.955456e-51
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        4.519774  5.871560 37.361478 2.351936e-86
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       4.459459  6.055046 39.050132 1.670188e-92
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      20.400058
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       19.695600
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        15.040997
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes        9.137545
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.407055
## Gender=Yes                           6.460319
## familial_allergy=Yes                 5.976194
## Breathlessness=Yes                   5.247151
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         4.715055
## smoking_status=never smoker          4.708164
## education=primary                    4.596105
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               4.291980
## XCOPD=No                             4.111213
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          3.606836
## gina_control=partially controlled    3.599487
## urbanization_level=No                2.887984
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          2.751143
## gina_steps=step3                     2.551756
## nasal_plyposis=No                    2.502200
## household_damage=Yes                 2.489908
## Cough=Yes                            2.191123
## Cough=No                            -2.191123
## household_damage=No                 -2.489908
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -2.502200
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -2.751143
## smoking_status=former smokers       -2.855319
## urbanization_level=Yes              -2.887984
## gina_control=controlled             -2.964079
## smoking_status=current smoker       -3.534786
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -3.606836
## XCOPD=Yes                           -4.111213
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -4.715055
## Breathlessness=No                   -5.247151
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -5.782944
## familial_allergy=No                 -5.976194
## Gender=No                           -6.460319
## education=tertiary                  -7.494414
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -8.407055
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        -9.137545
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -15.040997
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -19.695600
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -20.400058
## 
## $`2`
##                                      Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## Breathlessness=Yes                 24.667189 87.988827 67.387863 6.118216e-23
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      23.757372 78.770950 62.638522 5.007444e-13
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     23.636364 76.256983 60.949868 1.420112e-11
## Gender=No                          25.000000 53.351955 40.316623 3.231222e-08
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      26.714801 41.340782 29.234828 4.986392e-08
## spt_any=Yes                        22.195513 77.374302 65.857520 1.726375e-07
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       24.132231 40.782123 31.926121 8.637473e-05
## dyspenea=No                        20.647773 85.474860 78.205805 1.347549e-04
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       30.674847 13.966480  8.601583 1.481752e-04
## XCOPD=No                           20.060423 92.737430 87.335092 3.401466e-04
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               24.939467 28.770950 21.794195 5.386597e-04
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             24.629080 23.184358 17.783641 3.841791e-03
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 21.411192 49.162011 43.377309 1.461251e-02
## Cough=No                           20.365951 71.508380 66.332454 2.050916e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      23.674912 18.715084 14.934037 2.924364e-02
## smoking_status=never smoker        20.602527 59.217877 54.300792 3.801280e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        19.290466 97.206704 95.197889 4.071512e-02
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       10.989011  2.793296  4.802111 4.071512e-02
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       18.052109 81.284916 85.065963 2.924364e-02
## Cough=Yes                          15.987461 28.491620 33.667546 2.050916e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  16.961789 50.837989 56.622691 1.461251e-02
## gina_control=controlled            15.760112 31.564246 37.836412 6.238874e-03
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                17.206478 71.229050 78.205805 5.386597e-04
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 16.679657 59.776536 67.704485 4.473595e-04
## XCOPD=Yes                          10.833333  7.262570 12.664908 3.401466e-04
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        17.782910 86.033520 91.398417 1.481752e-04
## dyspenea=Yes                       12.590799 14.525140 21.794195 1.347549e-04
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        16.434109 59.217877 68.073879 8.637473e-05
## spt_any=No                         12.519320 22.625698 34.142480 1.726375e-07
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       15.659955 58.659218 70.765172 4.986392e-08
## Gender=Yes                         14.765694 46.648045 59.683377 3.231222e-08
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      11.486486 23.743017 39.050132 1.420112e-11
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       10.734463 21.229050 37.361478 5.007444e-13
## Breathlessness=No                   6.957929 12.011173 32.612137 6.118216e-23
##                                       v.test
## Breathlessness=Yes                  9.861413
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       7.225097
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      6.755839
## Gender=No                           5.528423
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       5.451795
## spt_any=Yes                         5.226619
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.925987
## dyspenea=No                         3.817602
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        3.794108
## XCOPD=No                            3.582634
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                3.460757
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              2.890868
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  2.441843
## Cough=No                            2.316900
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       2.180186
## smoking_status=never smoker         2.074717
## Hosptalization_last_year=No         2.046419
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       -2.046419
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       -2.180186
## Cough=Yes                          -2.316900
## nasal_plyposis=No                  -2.441843
## gina_control=controlled            -2.734955
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -3.460757
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users -3.510444
## XCOPD=Yes                          -3.582634
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        -3.794108
## dyspenea=Yes                       -3.817602
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -3.925987
## spt_any=No                         -5.226619
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -5.451795
## Gender=Yes                         -5.528423
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -6.755839
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -7.225097
## Breathlessness=No                  -9.861413
## 
## $`3`
##                                      Cla/Mod    Mod/Cla    Global       p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      61.891892 85.7677903 39.050132 6.262560e-156
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       59.887006 79.4007491 37.361478 4.536504e-125
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        40.077519 96.8164794 68.073879  3.679263e-80
## Breathlessness=No                  50.970874 58.9887640 32.612137  3.889537e-51
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       35.495899 89.1385768 70.765172  1.212445e-31
## gina_control=controlled            42.677824 57.3033708 37.836412  2.478760e-27
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 35.463757 85.2059925 67.704485  1.445086e-26
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       32.258065 97.3782772 85.065963  1.531390e-26
## severe_asthma=No                   32.367758 96.2546816 83.799472  1.159399e-24
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                32.995951 91.5730337 78.205805  3.833340e-21
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        30.658199 99.4382022 91.398417  1.325358e-20
## Cough=No                           34.765314 81.8352060 66.332454  2.353654e-20
## dyspenea=No                        32.860999 91.1985019 78.205805  5.950031e-20
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        32.700136 90.2621723 77.783641  4.324469e-18
## XCOPD=No                           31.238671 96.8164794 87.335092  6.109505e-18
## urbanization_level=Yes             36.963696 62.9213483 47.968338  2.904197e-16
## spt_any=Yes                        33.814103 79.0262172 65.857520  8.291653e-15
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   38.538206 43.4456929 31.767810  1.657505e-11
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        35.744089 48.1273408 37.941953  1.387204e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        32.637076 70.2247191 60.633245  6.424268e-08
## Emergency_last_year=No             30.522341 90.8239700 83.852243  7.134402e-08
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        29.046563 98.1273408 95.197889  6.024807e-05
## smoking_status=never smoker        31.486880 60.6741573 54.300792  4.745994e-04
## Gender=No                          32.329843 46.2546816 40.316623  1.019796e-03
## familial_allergy=Yes               31.431647 54.6816479 49.023747  2.048391e-03
## education=secondary                31.108144 43.6329588 39.525066  2.247759e-02
## gina_steps=step3                   18.750000  3.3707865  5.065963  3.103044e-02
## smoking_status=former smokers      24.749642 32.3970037 36.886544  1.089278e-02
## familial_allergy=No                25.051760 45.3183521 50.976253  2.048391e-03
## Gender=Yes                         25.375774 53.7453184 59.683377  1.019796e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       10.989011  1.8726592  4.802111  6.024807e-05
## education=tertiary                 15.677966  6.9288390 12.453826  1.824253e-06
## gina_control=uncontrolled          15.734266  8.4269663 15.092348  1.129107e-07
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            16.013072  9.1760300 16.147757  7.134402e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       21.313673 29.7752809 39.366755  6.424268e-08
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             16.320475 10.2996255 17.783641  2.802448e-08
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       23.554422 51.8726592 62.058047  1.387204e-08
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  23.356535 56.5543071 68.232190  1.657505e-11
## gina_control=partially controlled  20.515695 34.2696629 47.071240  1.985952e-12
## spt_any=No                         17.310665 20.9737828 34.142480  8.291653e-15
## urbanization_level=No              20.081136 37.0786517 52.031662  2.904197e-16
## XCOPD=Yes                           7.083333  3.1835206 12.664908  6.109505e-18
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       12.351544  9.7378277 22.216359  4.324469e-18
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               3.351955  1.1235955  9.445910  2.076713e-19
## dyspenea=Yes                       11.380145  8.8014981 21.794195  5.950031e-20
## Cough=Yes                          15.203762 18.1647940 33.667546  2.353654e-20
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        1.840491  0.5617978  8.601583  1.325358e-20
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               10.895884  8.4269663 21.794195  3.833340e-21
## severe_asthma=Yes                   6.514658  3.7453184 16.200528  1.159399e-24
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       4.946996  2.6217228 14.934037  1.531390e-26
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      10.469314 10.8614232 29.234828  1.212445e-31
## Breathlessness=Yes                 17.149569 41.0112360 67.387863  3.889537e-51
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.809917  3.1835206 31.926121  3.679263e-80
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       9.267060 20.5992509 62.638522 4.536504e-125
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      6.580087 14.2322097 60.949868 6.262560e-156
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       26.603025
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        23.787151
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         18.959601
## Breathlessness=No                   15.042110
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        11.704237
## gina_control=controlled             10.830103
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  10.667469
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        10.662077
## severe_asthma=No                    10.251983
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                  9.437074
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No          9.306161
## Cough=No                             9.244943
## dyspenea=No                          9.145235
## Chronic_productive_cough=No          8.669914
## XCOPD=No                             8.630480
## urbanization_level=Yes               8.177240
## spt_any=Yes                          7.763041
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     6.733394
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          5.674961
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          5.406571
## Emergency_last_year=No               5.387753
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          4.011837
## smoking_status=never smoker          3.494697
## Gender=No                            3.285008
## familial_allergy=Yes                 3.083125
## education=secondary                  2.282199
## gina_steps=step3                    -2.156682
## smoking_status=former smokers       -2.546120
## familial_allergy=No                 -3.083125
## Gender=Yes                          -3.285008
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -4.011837
## education=tertiary                  -4.771978
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -5.304616
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -5.387753
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -5.406571
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -5.553351
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -5.674961
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -6.733394
## gina_control=partially controlled   -7.035467
## spt_any=No                          -7.763041
## urbanization_level=No               -8.177240
## XCOPD=Yes                           -8.630480
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        -8.669914
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -9.009144
## dyspenea=Yes                        -9.145235
## Cough=Yes                           -9.244943
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        -9.306161
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                -9.437074
## severe_asthma=Yes                  -10.251983
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      -10.662077
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      -11.704237
## Breathlessness=Yes                 -15.042110
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       -18.959601
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      -23.787151
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     -26.603025
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## FeNO                0.396449606 1.010534e-206
## pack_years          0.367395337 1.968308e-187
## Age                 0.354531074 3.571377e-179
## tlco                0.291488499 5.974798e-141
## kco                 0.269721979 1.529881e-128
## Eosinophiles        0.267284265 3.557168e-127
## onset_age_asthma    0.227411686 1.881929e-105
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.192278082  3.158492e-87
## Reversibility       0.127464867  1.273413e-55
## Basophiles          0.081835141  8.729116e-35
## Neutrophiles        0.075234716  7.315771e-32
## pd20                0.064965600  2.331042e-27
## Monocytes           0.056507476  1.085198e-23
## BMI                 0.048590220  2.721032e-20
## Lymphocytes         0.006100126  8.995633e-03
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## pack_years           26.307439     2.706924e+01 1.194451e+01   1.875875e+01
## Age                  25.073868     6.575328e+01 4.971821e+01   9.270454e+00
## onset_age_asthma     19.595178     3.510480e+01 2.149024e+01   1.934862e+01
## Neutrophiles         11.048420     4.477882e+00 3.856132e+00   1.626531e+00
## pd20                 10.804135     2.987810e+03 1.952471e+03   1.991958e+03
## Monocytes             8.919992     4.824017e-01 4.264011e-01   1.925261e-01
## BMI                   7.485434     2.854819e+01 2.706171e+01   4.959407e+00
## Reversibility         4.143543     8.627461e+00 7.333086e+00   8.483735e+00
## Basophiles            3.881247     3.864629e-02 3.133509e-02   5.019962e-02
## Lymphocytes           3.091799     2.068755e+00 1.982802e+00   9.452106e-01
## FeNO                 -7.139580     1.900579e+01 2.550929e+01   1.157200e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -17.060220     7.032448e-01 7.699727e-01   1.121804e-01
## kco                 -22.158179     8.504850e+01 9.897243e+01   1.428291e+01
## tlco                -23.451193     8.280686e+01 1.001420e+02   1.453755e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 1.576458e-152
## Age                 1.571245e+01 9.589752e-139
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01  1.699898e-85
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  2.231059e-28
## pd20                2.354436e+03  3.290434e-27
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  4.663209e-19
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  7.131089e-14
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  3.419806e-05
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  1.039221e-04
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  1.989473e-03
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  9.361619e-13
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  2.934485e-65
## kco                 1.543910e+01 8.699863e-109
## tlco                1.816168e+01 1.285375e-121
## 
## $`1`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                 11.740831     105.52783477  98.97243082    12.84461695
## tlco                 9.692937     106.50831535 100.14197170    17.79668925
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  7.533644       0.79615457   0.76997268     0.06565980
## BMI                  2.571213      27.51538966  27.06170516     5.15591881
## Monocytes           -4.216396       0.40288073   0.42640106     0.12534120
## Reversibility       -5.419222       5.82891203   7.33308613     5.39452663
## Basophiles          -5.840460       0.02155963   0.03133509     0.03990296
## onset_age_asthma    -6.040014      17.76146789  21.49023747    12.51281844
## Eosinophiles        -8.524441       0.16884404   0.21963588     0.09427436
## FeNO                -8.617435      18.53458716  25.50928760    12.31400862
## Age                 -8.849087      44.68990826  49.71820580    12.28250001
## pack_years          -9.657892       7.01090367  11.94450818     6.78389916
##                      Overall sd      p.value
## kco                 15.43910033 7.870958e-32
## tlco                18.16168128 3.231017e-22
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  0.09609862 4.934344e-14
## BMI                  4.87907144 1.013429e-02
## Monocytes            0.15424932 2.482381e-05
## Reversibility        7.67507328 5.985901e-08
## Basophiles           0.04628193 5.205681e-09
## onset_age_asthma    17.07060566 1.541005e-09
## Eosinophiles         0.16475912 1.535496e-17
## FeNO                22.38045429 6.847061e-18
## Age                 15.71244775 8.823798e-19
## pack_years          14.12548389 4.551318e-22
## 
## $`2`
##                        v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FeNO                27.399921     5.470531e+01 2.550929e+01   3.266443e+01
## Eosinophiles        21.988800     3.921229e-01 2.196359e-01   2.324679e-01
## Reversibility       13.041905     1.209881e+01 7.333086e+00   1.052113e+01
## Basophiles          10.308594     5.405028e-02 3.133509e-02   5.141101e-02
## tlco                 6.214054     1.055152e+02 1.001420e+02   1.425384e+01
## kco                  5.852116     1.032741e+02 9.897243e+01   1.360505e+01
## Monocytes            2.445078     4.443575e-01 4.264011e-01   1.484106e-01
## BMI                 -2.699464     2.643463e+01 2.706171e+01   4.341344e+00
## Neutrophiles        -2.800361     3.671788e+00 3.856132e+00   1.226755e+00
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -3.238340     7.551562e-01 7.699727e-01   1.023261e-01
## pd20                -4.639887     1.432356e+03 1.952471e+03   1.613508e+03
## pack_years          -5.410500     8.305809e+00 1.194451e+01   8.344884e+00
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 2.748446e-165
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01 3.686051e-107
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  7.066883e-39
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  6.443724e-25
## tlco                1.816168e+01  5.163471e-10
## kco                 1.543910e+01  4.853586e-09
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  1.448209e-02
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  6.945137e-03
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  5.104549e-03
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  1.202274e-03
## pd20                2.354436e+03  3.486004e-06
## pack_years          1.412548e+01  6.284891e-08
## 
## $`3`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  11.472485     8.104157e-01 7.699727e-01   6.525006e-02
## tlco                  7.156938     1.049101e+02 1.001420e+02   1.373360e+01
## kco                   4.180914     1.013403e+02 9.897243e+01   1.225930e+01
## Lymphocytes          -2.064751     1.931067e+00 1.982802e+00   5.431506e-01
## pd20                 -4.592244     1.555846e+03 1.952471e+03   2.555227e+03
## Monocytes            -6.373558     3.903371e-01 4.264011e-01   1.306562e-01
## Basophiles           -6.786744     1.981273e-02 3.133509e-02   3.769534e-02
## BMI                  -7.361442     2.574415e+01 2.706171e+01   4.417150e+00
## Neutrophiles         -7.783232     3.461367e+00 3.856132e+00   1.120808e+00
## FeNO                 -8.376577     1.863221e+01 2.550929e+01   9.374641e+00
## Eosinophiles         -9.197846     1.640449e-01 2.196359e-01   1.030478e-01
## Reversibility        -9.838487     4.563089e+00 7.333086e+00   4.093268e+00
## pack_years          -10.609433     6.447024e+00 1.194451e+01   7.243138e+00
## onset_age_asthma    -12.574344     1.361610e+01 2.149024e+01   1.076966e+01
## Age                 -13.842332     4.173970e+01 4.971821e+01   1.395356e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 1.813742e-30
## tlco                1.816168e+01 8.249927e-13
## kco                 1.543910e+01 2.903398e-05
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 3.894660e-02
## pd20                2.354436e+03 4.385043e-06
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 1.846929e-10
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 1.146924e-11
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 1.819346e-13
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 7.069455e-15
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 5.448915e-17
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01 3.651980e-20
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 7.685767e-23
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 2.693784e-26
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 2.922147e-36
## Age                 1.571245e+01 1.415397e-43

1.5.3 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.5.4 parallel box plots

1.5.5 parallel coordinate plot

## Deep Empedding Clustering on the asthmatic encoded data 3 clusters {.tabset}

1.5.6 Summary table

# results_Kam <- get_ClusterResults(OriginalData = my_imp_data, Labels = kamRes$finalMemb)
table_result <- tableby(clusters ~ ., data = as.list(results_cluster_data))
summary(table_result, title = "Charachtaristcs of Clusters")  
Charachtaristcs of Clusters
0 (N=559) 1 (N=656) 2 (N=680) Total (N=1895) p value
Age < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 65.052 (9.199) 42.290 (13.678) 44.279 (12.747) 49.718 (15.717)
   Range 28.000 - 86.000 17.000 - 97.000 18.000 - 78.000 17.000 - 97.000
Gender 0.068
   No 221 (39.5%) 287 (43.8%) 256 (37.6%) 764 (40.3%)
   Yes 338 (60.5%) 369 (56.2%) 424 (62.4%) 1131 (59.7%)
BMI < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 28.041 (4.807) 25.666 (4.263) 27.602 (5.191) 27.062 (4.880)
   Range 17.603 - 48.870 17.029 - 46.094 17.509 - 50.058 17.029 - 50.058
age at asthma onset as numeeric variable < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 35.342 (18.937) 14.855 (11.873) 16.504 (12.538) 21.490 (17.075)
   Range 1.000 - 72.000 -1.000 - 62.000 -1.000 - 68.000 -1.000 - 72.000
Cough < 0.001
   No 291 (52.1%) 524 (79.9%) 442 (65.0%) 1257 (66.3%)
   Yes 268 (47.9%) 132 (20.1%) 238 (35.0%) 638 (33.7%)
Breathlessness < 0.001
   No 174 (31.1%) 344 (52.4%) 100 (14.7%) 618 (32.6%)
   Yes 385 (68.9%) 312 (47.6%) 580 (85.3%) 1277 (67.4%)
Recurrent_wheeze < 0.001
   No 381 (68.2%) 595 (90.7%) 506 (74.4%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 178 (31.8%) 61 (9.3%) 174 (25.6%) 413 (21.8%)
dyspenea < 0.001
   No 325 (58.1%) 596 (90.9%) 561 (82.5%) 1482 (78.2%)
   Yes 234 (41.9%) 60 (9.1%) 119 (17.5%) 413 (21.8%)
Chronic_productive_cough < 0.001
   No 348 (62.3%) 592 (90.2%) 534 (78.5%) 1474 (77.8%)
   Yes 211 (37.7%) 64 (9.8%) 146 (21.5%) 421 (22.2%)
FEV1_FVC_ratio_post < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.710 (0.119) 0.806 (0.066) 0.784 (0.075) 0.770 (0.096)
   Range 0.230 - 1.590 0.557 - 1.009 0.524 - 1.000 0.230 - 1.590
Reversibility < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 9.400 (9.882) 4.687 (4.788) 8.187 (7.143) 7.333 (7.677)
   Range -12.121 - 77.242 -26.774 - 35.757 -9.470 - 53.704 -26.774 - 77.242
pd20 < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2870.432 (1995.504) 1707.770 (2894.928) 1433.918 (1758.732) 1952.471 (2355.058)
   Range 0.059 - 13923.750 -26261.250 - 38775.000 -2562.590 - 19387.500 -26261.250 - 38775.000
tlco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 84.785 (14.530) 104.451 (12.595) 108.610 (17.611) 100.142 (18.166)
   Range 44.453 - 136.837 63.818 - 148.214 68.403 - 389.709 44.453 - 389.709
kco < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 86.714 (14.512) 101.101 (11.865) 106.997 (12.798) 98.972 (15.443)
   Range 40.972 - 139.418 69.866 - 142.603 60.955 - 149.720 40.972 - 149.720
FeNO < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 23.508 (21.201) 19.964 (12.262) 32.504 (28.311) 25.509 (22.386)
   Range 3.600 - 168.000 3.300 - 96.000 5.000 - 226.000 3.300 - 226.000
Eosinophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.242 (0.189) 0.166 (0.107) 0.253 (0.176) 0.220 (0.165)
   Range 0.000 - 2.300 0.000 - 0.900 0.000 - 1.200 0.000 - 2.300
Neutrophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 4.362 (1.580) 3.410 (1.074) 3.871 (1.330) 3.856 (1.383)
   Range 1.300 - 12.500 1.300 - 7.200 1.000 - 10.600 1.000 - 12.500
Lymphocyties < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 2.075 (0.909) 1.906 (0.544) 1.981 (0.570) 1.983 (0.683)
   Range 0.300 - 11.200 0.600 - 4.100 0.600 - 5.000 0.300 - 11.200
Monocytes < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.475 (0.185) 0.379 (0.123) 0.431 (0.140) 0.426 (0.154)
   Range 0.200 - 2.400 0.200 - 1.000 0.200 - 1.100 0.200 - 2.400
Basophiles < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 0.039 (0.050) 0.015 (0.034) 0.041 (0.050) 0.031 (0.046)
   Range 0.000 - 0.300 0.000 - 0.190 0.000 - 0.200 0.000 - 0.300
spt_any < 0.001
   No 319 (57.1%) 171 (26.1%) 157 (23.1%) 647 (34.1%)
   Yes 240 (42.9%) 485 (73.9%) 523 (76.9%) 1248 (65.9%)
familial_allergy < 0.001
   No 386 (69.1%) 325 (49.5%) 255 (37.5%) 966 (51.0%)
   Yes 173 (30.9%) 331 (50.5%) 425 (62.5%) 929 (49.0%)
Drug_induced_dyspnea 0.299
   No 521 (93.2%) 625 (95.3%) 641 (94.3%) 1787 (94.3%)
   Yes 38 (6.8%) 31 (4.7%) 39 (5.7%) 108 (5.7%)
nasal_plyposis 0.001
   No 281 (50.3%) 384 (58.5%) 408 (60.0%) 1073 (56.6%)
   Yes 278 (49.7%) 272 (41.5%) 272 (40.0%) 822 (43.4%)
Ever_rhinitis < 0.001
   No 127 (22.7%) 257 (39.2%) 218 (32.1%) 602 (31.8%)
   Yes 432 (77.3%) 399 (60.8%) 462 (67.9%) 1293 (68.2%)
gina_steps < 0.001
   onlys saba or non users 361 (64.6%) 555 (84.6%) 367 (54.0%) 1283 (67.7%)
   step 1 or 2 88 (15.7%) 75 (11.4%) 174 (25.6%) 337 (17.8%)
   step3 25 (4.5%) 17 (2.6%) 54 (7.9%) 96 (5.1%)
   step4 or 5 85 (15.2%) 9 (1.4%) 85 (12.5%) 179 (9.4%)
Hosptalization_last_year < 0.001
   No 498 (89.1%) 644 (98.2%) 662 (97.4%) 1804 (95.2%)
   Yes 61 (10.9%) 12 (1.8%) 18 (2.6%) 91 (4.8%)
Emergency_last_year < 0.001
   No 409 (73.2%) 599 (91.3%) 581 (85.4%) 1589 (83.9%)
   Yes 150 (26.8%) 57 (8.7%) 99 (14.6%) 306 (16.1%)
severe_asthma < 0.001
   No 424 (75.8%) 625 (95.3%) 539 (79.3%) 1588 (83.8%)
   Yes 135 (24.2%) 31 (4.7%) 141 (20.7%) 307 (16.2%)
gina_control < 0.001
   controlled 158 (28.3%) 342 (52.1%) 217 (31.9%) 717 (37.8%)
   partially controlled 287 (51.3%) 261 (39.8%) 344 (50.6%) 892 (47.1%)
   uncontrolled 114 (20.4%) 53 (8.1%) 119 (17.5%) 286 (15.1%)
education < 0.001
   primary 181 (32.4%) 361 (55.0%) 368 (54.1%) 910 (48.0%)
   secondary 214 (38.3%) 260 (39.6%) 275 (40.4%) 749 (39.5%)
   tertiary 164 (29.3%) 35 (5.3%) 37 (5.4%) 236 (12.5%)
urbanization_level < 0.001
   No 324 (58.0%) 280 (42.7%) 382 (56.2%) 986 (52.0%)
   Yes 235 (42.0%) 376 (57.3%) 298 (43.8%) 909 (48.0%)
smoking_status < 0.001
   never smoker 173 (30.9%) 434 (66.2%) 422 (62.1%) 1029 (54.3%)
   former smokers 295 (52.8%) 189 (28.8%) 215 (31.6%) 699 (36.9%)
   current smoker 91 (16.3%) 33 (5.0%) 43 (6.3%) 167 (8.8%)
pack_years < 0.001
   Mean (SD) 25.409 (18.092) 5.755 (6.031) 6.847 (6.364) 11.945 (14.129)
   Range 0.000 - 112.500 0.000 - 33.750 0.000 - 36.000 0.000 - 112.500
smoking_exposure_at_home < 0.001
   No 132 (23.6%) 310 (47.3%) 277 (40.7%) 719 (37.9%)
   Yes 427 (76.4%) 346 (52.7%) 403 (59.3%) 1176 (62.1%)
smoking_exposure_at_work < 0.001
   No 230 (41.1%) 474 (72.3%) 445 (65.4%) 1149 (60.6%)
   Yes 329 (58.9%) 182 (27.7%) 235 (34.6%) 746 (39.4%)
household_damage 0.003
   No 510 (91.2%) 557 (84.9%) 590 (86.8%) 1657 (87.4%)
   Yes 49 (8.8%) 99 (15.1%) 90 (13.2%) 238 (12.6%)
exertion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 213 (38.1%) 420 (64.0%) 75 (11.0%) 708 (37.4%)
   Yes 346 (61.9%) 236 (36.0%) 605 (89.0%) 1187 (62.6%)
infection_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 207 (37.0%) 442 (67.4%) 91 (13.4%) 740 (39.1%)
   Yes 352 (63.0%) 214 (32.6%) 589 (86.6%) 1155 (60.9%)
allergen_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 432 (77.3%) 560 (85.4%) 349 (51.3%) 1341 (70.8%)
   Yes 127 (22.7%) 96 (14.6%) 331 (48.7%) 554 (29.2%)
irritant_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 485 (86.8%) 624 (95.1%) 503 (74.0%) 1612 (85.1%)
   Yes 74 (13.2%) 32 (4.9%) 177 (26.0%) 283 (14.9%)
weather_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 394 (70.5%) 604 (92.1%) 292 (42.9%) 1290 (68.1%)
   Yes 165 (29.5%) 52 (7.9%) 388 (57.1%) 605 (31.9%)
emotion_triggered_asthma < 0.001
   No 510 (91.2%) 652 (99.4%) 570 (83.8%) 1732 (91.4%)
   Yes 49 (8.8%) 4 (0.6%) 110 (16.2%) 163 (8.6%)
XCOPD < 0.001
   No 387 (69.2%) 630 (96.0%) 638 (93.8%) 1655 (87.3%)
   Yes 172 (30.8%) 26 (4.0%) 42 (6.2%) 240 (12.7%)

1.5.7 Charachtiristic Analysis

catdes(results_cluster_data, dim(results_cluster_data)[2])
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the categorical variables (chi-square test)
## =================================================================================
##                                 p.value df
## infection_triggered_asthma 7.770721e-90  2
## exertion_triggered_asthma  8.920707e-88  2
## weather_triggered_asthma   1.021583e-81  2
## XCOPD                      4.557274e-52  2
## Breathlessness             7.153113e-48  2
## education                  5.927730e-47  4
## allergen_triggered_asthma  7.120301e-45  2
## dyspenea                   2.275136e-44  2
## spt_any                    2.990235e-41  2
## smoking_status             3.120667e-39  4
## gina_steps                 9.319070e-36  6
## Chronic_productive_cough   1.635677e-30  2
## smoking_exposure_at_work   1.562552e-29  2
## familial_allergy           1.914809e-27  2
## irritant_triggered_asthma  1.193890e-26  2
## Cough                      1.267104e-23  2
## emotion_triggered_asthma   4.427578e-23  2
## severe_asthma              1.979200e-22  2
## Recurrent_wheeze           3.258712e-22  2
## gina_control               5.926539e-21  4
## Emergency_last_year        4.317374e-17  2
## smoking_exposure_at_home   4.769782e-17  2
## Hosptalization_last_year   6.802227e-15  2
## Ever_rhinitis              6.332159e-09  2
## urbanization_level         1.931187e-08  2
## nasal_plyposis             1.277352e-03  2
## household_damage           3.281938e-03  2
## 
## Description of each cluster by the categories
## =============================================
## $`0`
##                                    Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## XCOPD=Yes                         71.66667 30.769231 12.664908 5.944927e-48
## education=tertiary                69.49153 29.338104 12.453826 1.757778e-42
## spt_any=No                        49.30448 57.066190 34.142480 5.661621e-41
## dyspenea=Yes                      56.65860 41.860465 21.794195 9.563530e-40
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes      44.10188 58.855098 39.366755 7.243320e-29
## familial_allergy=No               39.95859 69.051878 50.976253 9.550156e-25
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes      50.11876 37.745975 22.216359 2.267578e-24
## smoking_status=former smokers     42.20315 52.772809 36.886544 4.674902e-20
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes      36.30952 76.386404 62.058047 2.160771e-17
## Cough=Yes                         42.00627 47.942755 33.667546 5.045310e-17
## Emergency_last_year=Yes           49.01961 26.833631 16.147757 3.224529e-15
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes      67.03297 10.912343  4.802111 3.991604e-14
## smoking_status=current smoker     54.49102 16.279070  8.812665 1.654341e-12
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes              43.09927 31.842576 21.794195 2.340878e-11
## severe_asthma=Yes                 43.97394 24.150268 16.200528 3.743826e-09
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                 33.41067 77.280859 68.232190 2.622019e-08
## gina_steps=step4 or 5             47.48603 15.205725  9.445910 9.880220e-08
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No      32.21477 77.280859 70.765172 4.409344e-05
## gina_control=uncontrolled         39.86014 20.393560 15.092348 4.659714e-05
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                33.81995 49.731664 43.377309 3.203071e-04
## urbanization_level=No             32.86004 57.960644 52.031662 8.284634e-04
## household_damage=No               30.77852 91.234347 87.440633 9.577649e-04
## gina_control=partially controlled 32.17489 51.341682 47.071240 1.617065e-02
## household_damage=Yes              20.58824  8.765653 12.559367 9.577649e-04
## urbanization_level=Yes            25.85259 42.039356 47.968338 8.284634e-04
## nasal_plyposis=No                 26.18826 50.268336 56.622691 3.203071e-04
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes     22.92419 22.719141 29.234828 4.409344e-05
## Ever_rhinitis=No                  21.09635 22.719141 31.767810 2.622019e-08
## gina_control=controlled           22.03626 28.264758 37.836412 1.918175e-08
## severe_asthma=No                  26.70025 75.849732 83.799472 3.743826e-09
## Recurrent_wheeze=No               25.70850 68.157424 78.205805 2.340878e-11
## Hosptalization_last_year=No       27.60532 89.087657 95.197889 3.991604e-14
## Emergency_last_year=No            25.73946 73.166369 83.852243 3.224529e-15
## Cough=No                          23.15036 52.057245 66.332454 5.045310e-17
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No       18.35883 23.613596 37.941953 2.160771e-17
## education=primary                 19.89011 32.379249 48.021108 6.518154e-19
## Chronic_productive_cough=No       23.60923 62.254025 77.783641 2.267578e-24
## familial_allergy=Yes              18.62217 30.948122 49.023747 9.550156e-25
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No       20.01741 41.144902 60.633245 7.243320e-29
## dyspenea=No                       21.92982 58.139535 78.205805 9.563530e-40
## smoking_status=never smoker       16.81244 30.948122 54.300792 3.586091e-40
## spt_any=Yes                       19.23077 42.933810 65.857520 5.661621e-41
## XCOPD=No                          23.38369 69.230769 87.335092 5.944927e-48
##                                       v.test
## XCOPD=Yes                          14.548785
## education=tertiary                 13.660085
## spt_any=No                         13.404878
## dyspenea=Yes                       13.193503
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       11.148978
## familial_allergy=No                10.270708
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       10.186954
## smoking_status=former smokers       9.171267
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        8.484807
## Cough=Yes                           8.385634
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             7.881895
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        7.561267
## smoking_status=current smoker       7.060895
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                6.683007
## severe_asthma=Yes                   5.895132
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   5.564967
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               5.328913
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        4.084912
## gina_control=uncontrolled           4.072070
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  3.598298
## urbanization_level=No               3.343106
## household_damage=No                 3.302648
## gina_control=partially controlled   2.405041
## household_damage=Yes               -3.302648
## urbanization_level=Yes             -3.343106
## nasal_plyposis=No                  -3.598298
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      -4.084912
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   -5.564967
## gina_control=controlled            -5.619224
## severe_asthma=No                   -5.895132
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                -6.683007
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        -7.561267
## Emergency_last_year=No             -7.881895
## Cough=No                           -8.385634
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        -8.484807
## education=primary                  -8.882828
## Chronic_productive_cough=No       -10.186954
## familial_allergy=Yes              -10.270708
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No       -11.148978
## dyspenea=No                       -13.193503
## smoking_status=never smoker       -13.267227
## spt_any=Yes                       -13.404878
## XCOPD=No                          -14.548785
## 
## $`1`
##                                      Cla/Mod    Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      59.729730 67.3780488 39.050132 1.007907e-75
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        46.821705 92.0731707 68.073879 1.781301e-68
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       59.322034 64.0243902 37.361478 6.536117e-68
## Breathlessness=No                  55.663430 52.4390244 32.612137 4.705226e-40
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 43.257989 84.6036585 67.704485 1.822263e-32
## severe_asthma=No                   39.357683 95.2743902 83.799472 1.289689e-26
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       41.759881 85.3658537 70.765172 5.887110e-26
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        37.644342 99.3902439 91.398417 6.490237e-26
## dyspenea=No                        40.215924 90.8536585 78.205805 1.584008e-24
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                40.148448 90.7012195 78.205805 6.232842e-24
## Chronic_productive_cough=No        40.162822 90.2439024 77.783641 2.072044e-23
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       38.709677 95.1219512 85.065963 6.887756e-22
## Cough=No                           41.686555 79.8780488 66.332454 1.587363e-20
## gina_control=controlled            47.698745 52.1341463 37.836412 1.739316e-20
## XCOPD=No                           38.066465 96.0365854 87.335092 3.390370e-19
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        41.253264 72.2560976 60.633245 2.526618e-14
## smoking_status=never smoker        42.176871 66.1585366 54.300792 3.368020e-14
## Emergency_last_year=No             37.696665 91.3109756 83.852243 2.460880e-11
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No        43.115438 47.2560976 37.941953 1.500440e-09
## urbanization_level=Yes             41.364136 57.3170732 47.968338 3.098523e-09
## spt_any=Yes                        38.862179 73.9329268 65.857520 5.082243e-08
## Ever_rhinitis=No                   42.691030 39.1768293 31.767810 5.787715e-07
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        35.698448 98.1707317 95.197889 2.694266e-06
## education=primary                  39.670330 55.0304878 48.021108 8.981966e-06
## household_damage=Yes               41.596639 15.0914634 12.559367 1.679959e-02
## Gender=No                          37.565445 43.7500000 40.316623 2.702428e-02
## Gender=Yes                         32.625995 56.2500000 59.683377 2.702428e-02
## household_damage=No                33.614967 84.9085366 87.440633 1.679959e-02
## gina_steps=step3                   17.708333  2.5914634  5.065963 1.946144e-04
## smoking_status=current smoker      19.760479  5.0304878  8.812665 1.185564e-05
## gina_control=partially controlled  29.260090 39.7865854 47.071240 3.667774e-06
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       13.186813  1.8292683  4.802111 2.694266e-06
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                  30.858469 60.8231707 68.232190 5.787715e-07
## smoking_status=former smokers      27.038627 28.8109756 36.886544 9.112187e-08
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             22.255193 11.4329268 17.783641 6.683721e-08
## spt_any=No                         26.429675 26.0670732 34.142480 5.082243e-08
## urbanization_level=No              28.397566 42.6829268 52.031662 3.098523e-09
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes       29.421769 52.7439024 62.058047 1.500440e-09
## gina_control=uncontrolled          18.531469  8.0792683 15.092348 1.067458e-10
## Emergency_last_year=Yes            18.627451  8.6890244 16.147757 2.460880e-11
## education=tertiary                 14.830508  5.3353659 12.453826 4.994630e-13
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       24.396783 27.7439024 39.366755 2.526618e-14
## XCOPD=Yes                          10.833333  3.9634146 12.664908 3.390370e-19
## Cough=Yes                          20.689655 20.1219512 33.667546 1.587363e-20
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      11.307420  4.8780488 14.934037 6.887756e-22
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               5.027933  1.3719512  9.445910 4.463249e-23
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes       15.201900  9.7560976 22.216359 2.072044e-23
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               14.769976  9.2987805 21.794195 6.232842e-24
## dyspenea=Yes                       14.527845  9.1463415 21.794195 1.584008e-24
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes        2.453988  0.6097561  8.601583 6.490237e-26
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      17.328520 14.6341463 29.234828 5.887110e-26
## severe_asthma=Yes                  10.097720  4.7256098 16.200528 1.289689e-26
## Breathlessness=Yes                 24.432263 47.5609756 67.387863 4.705226e-40
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      19.882056 35.9756098 62.638522 6.536117e-68
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        8.595041  7.9268293 31.926121 1.781301e-68
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     18.528139 32.6219512 60.949868 1.007907e-75
##                                        v.test
## infection_triggered_asthma=No       18.414351
## weather_triggered_asthma=No         17.487591
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No        17.413337
## Breathlessness=No                   13.246853
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  11.863926
## severe_asthma=No                    10.678038
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No        10.536131
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         10.526952
## dyspenea=No                         10.221783
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 10.088157
## Chronic_productive_cough=No          9.969531
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No         9.615346
## Cough=No                             9.286974
## gina_control=controlled              9.277236
## XCOPD=No                             8.955227
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          7.620517
## smoking_status=never smoker          7.583328
## Emergency_last_year=No               6.675680
## smoking_exposure_at_home=No          6.044317
## urbanization_level=Yes               5.926292
## spt_any=Yes                          5.448409
## Ever_rhinitis=No                     4.998169
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          4.692849
## education=primary                    4.440333
## household_damage=Yes                 2.391065
## Gender=No                            2.211167
## Gender=Yes                          -2.211167
## household_damage=No                 -2.391065
## gina_steps=step3                    -3.725907
## smoking_status=current smoker       -4.380226
## gina_control=partially controlled   -4.629371
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -4.692849
## Ever_rhinitis=Yes                   -4.998169
## smoking_status=former smokers       -5.343593
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2              -5.399472
## spt_any=No                          -5.448409
## urbanization_level=No               -5.926292
## smoking_exposure_at_home=Yes        -6.044317
## gina_control=uncontrolled           -6.457075
## Emergency_last_year=Yes             -6.675680
## education=tertiary                  -7.225445
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -7.620517
## XCOPD=Yes                           -8.955227
## Cough=Yes                           -9.286974
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes       -9.615346
## gina_steps=step4 or 5               -9.893027
## Chronic_productive_cough=Yes        -9.969531
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               -10.088157
## dyspenea=Yes                       -10.221783
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       -10.526952
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      -10.536131
## severe_asthma=Yes                  -10.678038
## Breathlessness=Yes                 -13.246853
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      -17.413337
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       -17.487591
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     -18.414351
## 
## $`2`
##                                     Cla/Mod   Mod/Cla    Global      p.value
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes      50.96883 88.970588 62.638522 6.276032e-78
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes     50.99567 86.617647 60.949868 1.134862e-71
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes       64.13223 57.058824 31.926121 5.385008e-68
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes      59.74729 48.676471 29.234828 5.282532e-43
## Breathlessness=Yes                 45.41895 85.294118 67.387863 3.990275e-38
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes      62.54417 26.029412 14.934037 4.091901e-23
## familial_allergy=Yes               45.74812 62.500000 49.023747 1.336596e-18
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes       67.48466 16.176471  8.601583 1.115098e-17
## spt_any=Yes                        41.90705 76.911765 65.857520 1.270237e-14
## XCOPD=No                           38.54985 93.823529 87.335092 2.970529e-11
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2             51.63205 25.588235 17.783641 6.747251e-11
## smoking_status=never smoker        41.01069 62.058824 54.300792 3.707076e-07
## gina_steps=step3                   56.25000  7.941176  5.065963 3.307719e-05
## education=primary                  40.43956 54.117647 48.021108 7.179033e-05
## severe_asthma=Yes                  45.92834 20.735294 16.200528 7.760800e-05
## dyspenea=No                        37.85425 82.500000 78.205805 6.260367e-04
## Hosptalization_last_year=No        36.69623 97.352941 95.197889 6.863295e-04
## gina_steps=step4 or 5              47.48603 12.500000  9.445910 8.369174e-04
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No        38.72933 65.441176 60.633245 1.317182e-03
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes               42.13075 25.588235 21.794195 3.005074e-03
## urbanization_level=No              38.74239 56.176471 52.031662 6.914442e-03
## gina_control=partially controlled  38.56502 50.588235 47.071240 2.193519e-02
## nasal_plyposis=No                  38.02423 60.000000 56.622691 2.644478e-02
## gina_control=uncontrolled          41.60839 17.500000 15.092348 2.991949e-02
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                 33.09002 40.000000 43.377309 2.644478e-02
## urbanization_level=Yes             32.78328 43.823529 47.968338 6.914442e-03
## smoking_status=current smoker      25.74850  6.323529  8.812665 3.635641e-03
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                34.14305 74.411765 78.205805 3.005074e-03
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes       31.50134 34.558824 39.366755 1.317182e-03
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes       19.78022  2.647059  4.802111 6.863295e-04
## dyspenea=Yes                       28.81356 17.500000 21.794195 6.260367e-04
## smoking_status=former smokers      30.75823 31.617647 36.886544 3.578173e-04
## severe_asthma=No                   33.94207 79.264706 83.799472 7.760800e-05
## gina_control=controlled            30.26499 31.911765 37.836412 6.474887e-05
## XCOPD=Yes                          17.50000  6.176471 12.664908 2.970529e-11
## education=tertiary                 15.67797  5.441176 12.453826 3.037803e-13
## spt_any=No                         24.26584 23.088235 34.142480 1.270237e-14
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No        32.90993 83.823529 91.398417 1.115098e-17
## familial_allergy=No                26.39752 37.500000 50.976253 1.336596e-18
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users 28.60483 53.970588 67.704485 2.811405e-21
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No       31.20347 73.970588 85.065963 4.091901e-23
## Breathlessness=No                  16.18123 14.705882 32.612137 3.990275e-38
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       26.02535 51.323529 70.765172 5.282532e-43
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        22.63566 42.941176 68.073879 5.385008e-68
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      12.29730 13.382353 39.050132 1.134862e-71
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       10.59322 11.029412 37.361478 6.276032e-78
##                                        v.test
## exertion_triggered_asthma=Yes       18.687344
## infection_triggered_asthma=Yes      17.902135
## weather_triggered_asthma=Yes        17.424422
## allergen_triggered_asthma=Yes       13.747356
## Breathlessness=Yes                  12.909277
## irritant_triggered_asthma=Yes        9.901717
## familial_allergy=Yes                 8.802619
## emotion_triggered_asthma=Yes         8.561395
## spt_any=Yes                          7.708782
## XCOPD=No                             6.648024
## gina_steps=step 1 or 2               6.526170
## smoking_status=never smoker          5.083415
## gina_steps=step3                     4.151176
## education=primary                    3.970273
## severe_asthma=Yes                    3.951669
## dyspenea=No                          3.420076
## Hosptalization_last_year=No          3.394983
## gina_steps=step4 or 5                3.340287
## smoking_exposure_at_work=No          3.212210
## Recurrent_wheeze=Yes                 2.967218
## urbanization_level=No                2.700937
## gina_control=partially controlled    2.291488
## nasal_plyposis=No                    2.219617
## gina_control=uncontrolled            2.171155
## nasal_plyposis=Yes                  -2.219617
## urbanization_level=Yes              -2.700937
## smoking_status=current smoker       -2.908158
## Recurrent_wheeze=No                 -2.967218
## smoking_exposure_at_work=Yes        -3.212210
## Hosptalization_last_year=Yes        -3.394983
## dyspenea=Yes                        -3.420076
## smoking_status=former smokers       -3.569387
## severe_asthma=No                    -3.951669
## gina_control=controlled             -3.994800
## XCOPD=Yes                           -6.648024
## education=tertiary                  -7.292711
## spt_any=No                          -7.708782
## emotion_triggered_asthma=No         -8.561395
## familial_allergy=No                 -8.802619
## gina_steps=onlys saba or non users  -9.469517
## irritant_triggered_asthma=No        -9.901717
## Breathlessness=No                  -12.909277
## allergen_triggered_asthma=No       -13.747356
## weather_triggered_asthma=No        -17.424422
## infection_triggered_asthma=No      -17.902135
## exertion_triggered_asthma=No       -18.687344
## 
## 
## Link between the cluster variable and the quantitative variables
## ================================================================
##                            Eta2       P-value
## Age                 0.401308860 1.713477e-211
## pack_years          0.381226938 6.147564e-198
## tlco                0.308406387 3.155157e-152
## kco                 0.289487078 3.864506e-141
## onset_age_asthma    0.277129375 4.691434e-134
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 0.170767938  1.168361e-77
## Neutrophiles        0.075534558  5.402371e-33
## Reversibility       0.066991845  3.248075e-29
## Basophiles          0.066974672  3.305124e-29
## pd20                0.065987055  8.991640e-29
## Monocytes           0.062037201  4.870691e-27
## FeNO                0.058658324  1.461952e-25
## Eosinophiles        0.057340238  5.492890e-25
## BMI                 0.044609271  1.783394e-19
## Lymphocytes         0.009686685  1.002067e-04
## 
## Description of each cluster by quantitative variables
## =====================================================
## $`0`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## Age                  27.472299     6.505188e+01 4.971821e+01   9.190831e+00
## pack_years           26.833725     2.540905e+01 1.194451e+01   1.807577e+01
## onset_age_asthma     22.842245     3.534168e+01 2.149024e+01   1.892012e+01
## pd20                 10.975641     2.870432e+03 1.952471e+03   1.993718e+03
## Neutrophiles         10.297112     4.361878e+00 3.856132e+00   1.578366e+00
## Monocytes             8.920045     4.752773e-01 4.264011e-01   1.847501e-01
## Reversibility         7.579384     9.399531e+00 7.333086e+00   9.873160e+00
## BMI                   5.652998     2.804147e+01 2.706171e+01   4.802600e+00
## Basophiles            4.399938     3.856887e-02 3.133509e-02   4.954994e-02
## Eosinophiles          3.788147     2.418068e-01 2.196359e-01   1.886639e-01
## Lymphocytes           3.780324     2.074526e+00 1.982802e+00   9.077890e-01
## FeNO                 -2.517790     2.350760e+01 2.550929e+01   2.118177e+01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post -17.491063     7.102636e-01 7.699727e-01   1.185074e-01
## kco                 -22.352320     8.671352e+01 9.897243e+01   1.449915e+01
## tlco                -23.803875     8.478481e+01 1.001420e+02   1.451667e+01
##                       Overall sd       p.value
## Age                 1.571245e+01 3.763074e-166
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 1.306309e-158
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 1.745247e-115
## pd20                2.354436e+03  5.004937e-28
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00  7.260871e-25
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01  4.660969e-19
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00  3.471989e-14
## BMI                 4.879071e+00  1.576729e-08
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02  1.082819e-05
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01  1.517752e-04
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01  1.566246e-04
## FeNO                2.238045e+01  1.180938e-02
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02  1.676026e-68
## kco                 1.543910e+01 1.146301e-110
## tlco                1.816168e+01 3.045012e-125
## 
## $`1`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post  11.923228     8.061557e-01 7.699727e-01   6.547478e-02
## tlco                  7.513166     1.044509e+02 1.001420e+02   1.258557e+01
## kco                   4.365788     1.011010e+02 9.897243e+01   1.185596e+01
## pd20                 -3.291206     1.707770e+03 1.952471e+03   2.892721e+03
## Lymphocytes          -3.556162     1.906098e+00 1.982802e+00   5.438038e-01
## FeNO                 -7.845556     1.996448e+01 2.550929e+01   1.225226e+01
## BMI                  -9.055683     2.566645e+01 2.706171e+01   4.260206e+00
## Monocytes            -9.632410     3.794817e-01 4.264011e-01   1.229169e-01
## Neutrophiles        -10.215754     3.410091e+00 3.856132e+00   1.073498e+00
## Eosinophiles        -10.348745     1.657927e-01 2.196359e-01   1.071583e-01
## Reversibility       -10.919501     4.686543e+00 7.333086e+00   4.784212e+00
## Basophiles          -11.218493     1.493902e-02 3.133509e-02   3.369966e-02
## onset_age_asthma    -12.308406     1.485518e+01 2.149024e+01   1.186363e+01
## pack_years          -13.876115     5.754874e+00 1.194451e+01   6.026262e+00
## Age                 -14.971583     4.228963e+01 4.971821e+01   1.366805e+01
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 8.956965e-33
## tlco                1.816168e+01 5.771430e-14
## kco                 1.543910e+01 1.266651e-05
## pd20                2.354436e+03 9.975901e-04
## Lymphocytes         6.830395e-01 3.763121e-04
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 4.310409e-15
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 1.357152e-19
## Monocytes           1.542493e-01 5.834464e-22
## Neutrophiles        1.382643e+00 1.685626e-24
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01 4.240090e-25
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 9.300574e-28
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 3.308618e-29
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 8.161903e-35
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 8.840776e-44
## Age                 1.571245e+01 1.126085e-50
## 
## $`2`
##                         v.test Mean in category Overall mean sd in category
## kco                  16.921281     1.069966e+02 9.897243e+01   1.278873e+01
## tlco                 15.179629     1.086096e+02 1.001420e+02   1.759758e+01
## FeNO                 10.175386     3.250390e+01 2.550929e+01   2.828991e+01
## Basophiles            6.943793     4.120588e-02 3.133509e-02   4.955406e-02
## Eosinophiles          6.662796     2.533529e-01 2.196359e-01   1.759903e-01
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post   4.803610     7.841511e-01 7.699727e-01   7.523409e-02
## Reversibility         3.624378     8.187483e+00 7.333086e+00   7.137742e+00
## BMI                   3.607268     2.760228e+01 2.706171e+01   5.187577e+00
## pd20                 -7.170721     1.433918e+03 1.952471e+03   1.757438e+03
## onset_age_asthma     -9.509211     1.650441e+01 2.149024e+01   1.252902e+01
## Age                 -11.269770     4.427941e+01 4.971821e+01   1.273721e+01
## pack_years          -11.749184     6.847037e+00 1.194451e+01   6.358852e+00
##                       Overall sd      p.value
## kco                 1.543910e+01 3.135346e-64
## tlco                1.816168e+01 4.825049e-52
## FeNO                2.238045e+01 2.553864e-24
## Basophiles          4.628193e-02 3.817099e-12
## Eosinophiles        1.647591e-01 2.686666e-11
## FEV1_FVC_ratio_post 9.609862e-02 1.558304e-06
## Reversibility       7.675073e+00 2.896573e-04
## BMI                 4.879071e+00 3.094381e-04
## pd20                2.354436e+03 7.460355e-13
## onset_age_asthma    1.707061e+01 1.921148e-21
## Age                 1.571245e+01 1.850517e-29
## pack_years          1.412548e+01 7.130402e-32

1.5.8 Radar Plots

radar_plot(labeled_original_data = results_cluster_data, clusters = results_cluster_data$clusters)

1.5.9 parallel box plots

1.5.10 parallel coordinate plot